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A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Bruno Moeremans & Michaël Dooms & Elvira Haezendonck, 2023. "Long-term analysis of traffic flows in European inland ports: implications for the port–city interface," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 25(2), pages 272-300, June.
  2. Moros-Daza, Adriana & Moros-Marcillo, Alberto & Pacheco-Bustos, Carlos A., 2025. "Greening seaports: Evaluating impacts and policies for renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
  3. Yu, Jingjing & Tang, Guolei & Song, Xiangqun, 2022. "Collaboration of vessel speed optimization with berth allocation and quay crane assignment considering vessel service differentiation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  4. Natalia Wagner & Izabela Kotowska & Michał Pluciński, 2022. "The Impact of Improving the Quality of the Port’s Infrastructure on the Shippers’ Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-22, May.
  5. Marialisa Nigro & Massimo De Domenico & Tiziana Murgia & Arianna Stimilli, 2024. "The Port Sector in Italy: Its Keystones for Energy-Efficient Growth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-30, April.
  6. Jinyu Zou & Penghao Su & Chunchang Zhang, 2025. "A Comparison of the Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Fuels for Shipping in Two GHG Pricing Mechanisms: Case Study of a 24,000 DWT Bulk Carrier," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-15, June.
  7. Fontaine Dubois Bissai & Bienvenu Gael Fouda Mbanga & Cyrille Adiang Mezoue & Séverin Nguiya, 2023. "An Analysis of the Driving Factors Related to Energy Consumption in the Road Transport Sector of the City of Douala, Cameroon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, July.
  8. Li, Xiangda & Peng, Yun & Tian, Qi & Feng, Tao & Wang, Wenyuan & Cao, Zhen & Song, Xiangqun, 2023. "A decomposition-based optimization method for integrated vehicle charging and operation scheduling in automated container terminals under fast charging technology," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  9. Sasidhar, Punyam Rajendran Sai & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Norheim, Ian, 2025. "Multi-energy microgrid design and the role of coupling components—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  10. Dimitrios Apostolou, 2025. "A Literature Review on Energy Management Systems and Their Application on Harbour Activities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-34, September.
  11. Ahmad Alzahrani & Senthil Kumar Ramu & Gunapriya Devarajan & Indragandhi Vairavasundaram & Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, 2022. "A Review on Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Microgrid System: Topologies for Hydrogen Energy Storage, Integration, and Energy Management with Solar and Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, October.
  12. Sepideh Rezaeeian & Narges Bayat & Abbas Rabiee & Saman Nikkhah & Alireza Soroudi, 2022. "Optimal Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids in Both Grid-Connected and Isolated Modes Considering the Uncertainty of DERs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, July.
  13. Si, Guojin & Xia, Tangbin & Wang, Dong & Gebraeel, Nagi & Pan, Ershun & Xi, Lifeng, 2025. "Maintenance scheduling and vessel routing for offshore wind farms with multiple ports considering day-ahead wind-wave predictions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
  14. Wang, Jinggai & Li, Huanhuan & Yang, Zaili & Ge, Ying-En, 2024. "Shore power for reduction of shipping emission in port: A bibliometric analysis," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  15. Chen, Sumin & Zeng, Qingcheng & Li, Yantong, 2023. "Integrated operations planning in highly electrified container terminals considering time-of-use tariffs," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  16. Morteza Nazari-Heris & Atefeh Tamaskani Esfehankalateh & Pouya Ifaei, 2023. "Hybrid Energy Systems for Buildings: A Techno-Economic-Enviro Systematic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-15, June.
  17. Abu Bakar, Nur Najihah & Bazmohammadi, Najmeh & Vasquez, Juan C. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2023. "Electrification of onshore power systems in maritime transportation towards decarbonization of ports: A review of the cold ironing technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  18. Ronelly De Souza & Emanuele Nadalon & Melchiorre Casisi & Mauro Reini, 2022. "Optimal Sharing Electricity and Thermal Energy Integration for an Energy Community in the Perspective of 100% RES Scenario," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-39, August.
  19. Raihan, Asif & Hasnat, Md Al & Rahman, Syed Masiur & Ridwan, Mohammad & Rahman, Md Masudur & Islam, Md Tasbirul & Sarker, Tapan & Dhar, Bablu Kumar & Bari, ABM Mainul, 2025. "Recent advancements in alternative energies, technological innovations, and optimization strategies for seaport decarbonization," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 4(3).
  20. Xiong, Chang & Su, Yixin & Wang, Hao & Dong, Zhengcheng & Tian, Meng & Shi, Binghua, 2024. "Consensus-based decentralized scheduling method for collaborative operation in seaport virtual power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 373(C).
  21. Vichos, Emmanouil & Sifakis, Nikolaos & Tsoutsos, Theocharis, 2022. "Challenges of integrating hydrogen energy storage systems into nearly zero-energy ports," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
  22. Amr Saleh & Walid A. Omran & Hany M. Hasanien & Marcos Tostado-Véliz & Abdulaziz Alkuhayli & Francisco Jurado, 2022. "Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for the Virtual Inertia Control of Islanded Microgrids Including Renewable Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, April.
  23. Sofia Agostinelli & Mehdi Neshat & Meysam Majidi Nezhad & Giuseppe Piras & Davide Astiaso Garcia, 2022. "Integrating Renewable Energy Sources in Italian Port Areas towards Renewable Energy Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, October.
  24. Sameh Mahjoub & Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui & Saïd Drid & Nabil Derbel, 2023. "Control and Implementation of an Energy Management Strategy for a PV–Wind–Battery Microgrid Based on an Intelligent Prediction Algorithm of Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
  25. Zhuoyu Jiang & Rujie Liu & Weiwei Guan & Lei Xiong & Changli Shi & Jingyuan Yin, 2025. "Multi-Time-Scale Layered Energy Management Strategy for Integrated Production, Storage, and Supply Hydrogen Refueling Stations Based on Flexible Hydrogen Load Characteristics of Ports," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-24, March.
  26. Juan Liu & Minwei Liu & Zhimin Wang & Junwen Yang & Suhua Lou, 2022. "Multi-Flexibility Resources Planning for Power System Considering Carbon Trading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
  27. Hui Zhang & Haiqian Ke, 2022. "Spatial Spillover Effects of Directed Technical Change on Urban Carbon Intensity, Based on 283 Cities in China from 2008 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-19, February.
  28. Dong-Ping Song, 2024. "A Literature Review of Seaport Decarbonisation: Solution Measures and Roadmap to Net Zero," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-32, February.
  29. Epameinondas K. Koumaniotis & Fotios D. Kanellos, 2024. "Optimal Routing and Sustainable Operation Scheduling of Large Ships with Integrated Full-Electric Propulsion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-18, December.
  30. Tang, Daogui & Tang, Hao & Yuan, Chengqing & Dong, Mingwang & Diaz-Londono, Cesar & Agundis-Tinajero, Gibran David & Guerrero, Josep M. & Zio, Enrico, 2025. "Economic and resilience-oriented operation of coupled hydrogen-electricity energy systems at ports," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
  31. Mohamad Issa & Patrick Rizk & Loïc Boulon & Miloud Rezkallah & Rodrigue Rizk & Adrian Ilinca, 2025. "Smart, Connected, and Sustainable: The Transformation of Maritime Ports Through Electrification, IoT, 5G, and Green Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-43, August.
  32. Anas S. Alamoush & Dimitrios Dalaklis & Fabio Ballini & Aykut I. Ölcer, 2023. "Consolidating Port Decarbonisation Implementation: Concept, Pathways, Barriers, Solutions, and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-28, September.
  33. Zhou, Chenhao & Wang, Wencheng & Li, Haobin, 2020. "Container reshuffling considered space allocation problem in container terminals," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  34. Elisa Barbieri & Luigi Capoani, 2025. "Renewable Energy, Resilience, Digitalization, and Industrial Policies in Seaborne Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-28, February.
  35. Li, Xiaosheng & Wang, Ruirui & Shen, Z.Y. & Song, Malin, 2023. "Green credit and corporate energy efficiency: Enterprise pollution transfer or green transformation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  36. Jennifer L. MacNeil & Michelle Adams & Tony R. Walker, 2021. "Development of Framework for Improved Sustainability in the Canadian Port Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
  37. Elsisi, Mahmoud & Amer, Mohammed & Su, Chun-Lien & Aljohani, Tawfiq & Ali, Mahmoud N. & Sharawy, Mohamed, 2025. "A comprehensive review of machine learning and Internet of Things integrations for emission monitoring and resilient sustainable energy management of ships in port areas," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
  38. Taha Talip Türkistanlı & Nergis Özispa & Gökçe Tuğdemir Kök & Ünal Özdemir & Davut Pehlivan, 2025. "Exploring Research Trends on Climate Change: Insights into Port Resilience and Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-20, April.
  39. Min Wang & Yu Lan & Huayu Li & Xiaodong Jing & Sitong Lu & Kexin Deng, 2024. "Spatial–Temporal Differentiation and Trend Prediction of Coupling Coordination Degree of Port Environmental Efficiency and Urban Economy: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, March.
  40. Nur Najihah Abu Bakar & Josep M. Guerrero & Juan C. Vasquez & Najmeh Bazmohammadi & Yun Yu & Abdullah Abusorrah & Yusuf A. Al-Turki, 2021. "A Review of the Conceptualization and Operational Management of Seaport Microgrids on the Shore and Seaside," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
  41. Jinyeong Lee & Kyungcheol Shin & Young-Min Wi, 2024. "Decentralized Operations of Industrial Complex Microgrids Considering Corporate Power Purchase Agreements for Renewable Energy 100% Initiatives in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
  42. Barone, G. & Buonomano, A. & Forzano, C. & Palombo, A., 2021. "Implementing the dynamic simulation approach for the design and optimization of ships energy systems: Methodology and applicability to modern cruise ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  43. Elkafas, Ahmed G. & Seddiek, Ibrahim S., 2024. "Application of renewable energy systems in seaports towards sustainability and decarbonization: Energy, environmental and economic assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  44. Domenico Gattuso & Domenica Savia Pellicanò, 2023. "HUs Fleet Management in an Automated Container Port: Assessment by a Simulation Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
  45. Igor Davydenko & Meike Hopman & Ruben Fransen & Jorrit Harmsen, 2022. "Mass-Balance Method for Provision of Net Zero Emission Transport Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
  46. Pivetta, Davide & Tafone, Alessio & Mazzoni, Stefano & Romagnoli, Alessandro & Taccani, Rodolfo, 2024. "A multi-objective planning tool for the optimal supply of green hydrogen for an industrial port area decarbonization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
  47. Claudia Durán & Ivan Derpich & Raúl Carrasco, 2022. "Optimization of Port Layout to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emission Gaps," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
  48. Ma, Kai & Feng, Yanpei & Yang, Jie & Cai, Yao & Yang, Bo & Guan, Xinping, 2025. "Two-stage distributionally robust optimization for port integrated energy system with berth allocation under uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
  49. Charalampos Platias & Dimitris Spyrou, 2023. "EU-Funded Energy-Related Projects for Sustainable Ports: Evidence from the Port of Piraeus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-27, February.
  50. Jon Williamsson & Nicole Costa & Vendela Santén & Sara Rogerson, 2022. "Barriers and Drivers to the Implementation of Onshore Power Supply—A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, May.
  51. David Holder & Steven David Percy & Ali Yavari, 2024. "A Review of Port Decarbonisation Options: Identified Opportunities for Deploying Hydrogen Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-36, April.
  52. Dongping Song, 2021. "A Literature Review, Container Shipping Supply Chain: Planning Problems and Research Opportunities," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-26, June.
  53. Poonam Taneja & Godert van Rhede van der Kloot & Mark van Koningsveld, 2021. "Sustainability Performance of Port Infrastructure—A Case Study of a Quay Wall," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-13, October.
  54. Minjeong Sim & Dongjun Suh & Marc-Oliver Otto, 2021. "Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Support Model for Integrating Renewable Energy Systems in a Korean Campus Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
  55. Wang, Tingsong & Cheng, Peiyue & Zhen, Lu, 2023. "Green development of the maritime industry: Overview, perspectives, and future research opportunities," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
  56. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2024. "A solar-assisted liquefied biomethane production by anaerobic digestion: Dynamic simulations for harbors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
  57. María Martínez, & Molina, Rafael & Serrano, Obdulio & Zamorano, Montserrat, 2025. "Port(s). A circular economy framework for sustainable ports in Spain," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  58. Li, Kevin X. & Li, Mengchi & Zhu, Yuhan & Yuen, Kum Fai & Tong, Hao & Zhou, Haoqing, 2023. "Smart port: A bibliometric review and future research directions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  59. Bin Zhang & Li Sun & Mengyao Yang & Kin-Keung Lai & Bhagwat Ram, 2023. "A Robust Optimization Approach for Smart Energy Market Revenue Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-14, October.
  60. Li, Xue & Chua, Jie Ying & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2024. "A review on maritime disruption management: Categories, impacts, and strategies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 40-47.
  61. Magali Geerts & Michaël Dooms, 2020. "Sustainability Reporting for Inland Port Managing Bodies: A Stakeholder-Based View on Materiality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, February.
  62. Esfilar, Reza & Bagheri, Mehdi & Golestani, Behrooz, 2021. "Technoeconomic feasibility review of hybrid waste to energy system in the campus: A case study for the University of Victoria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  63. Zhengxin He & Jasmine Siu Lee Lam & Maohan Liang, 2023. "Impact of Disruption on Ship Emissions in Port: Case of Pandemic in Long Beach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.
  64. Alaa Othman & Sara El-gazzar & Matjaz Knez, 2022. "A Framework for Adopting a Sustainable Smart Sea Port Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-26, April.
  65. Mao, Wenxin & Sun, Huifang & Wang, Wenping & Luo, Dang, 2024. "Factor reallocation path for low-carbon transformation: A perspective of manufacturing industry ecosystem," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  66. Shunquan Huang & Yongsheng Huo & Guangnian Xiao, 2025. "Impact of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” Construction on the Efficiency of China’s Coastal Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-22, January.
  67. Javier Vaca-Cabrero & Javier Domínguez Rastrojo & Nicoletta González-Cancelas & Alberto Camarero-Orive, 2025. "Enhancing Sustainability in Port Infrastructure Through Innovation: A Case Study of the Spanish Port System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, March.
  68. Pivetta, D. & Dall’Armi, C. & Sandrin, P. & Bogar, M. & Taccani, R., 2024. "The role of hydrogen as enabler of industrial port area decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
  69. Semchukova, Veronika & Topolski, Kevin & Abdin, Zainul, 2025. "Hydrogen technology for maritime applications: A review of challenges, opportunities, and lessons from the port authority of New York and New Jersey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  70. Saif Jamal & Nadia M. L. Tan & Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, 2021. "A Review of Energy Management and Power Management Systems for Microgrid and Nanogrid Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-31, September.
  71. Małgorzata Bielenia & Eli Marušić & Ilona Dumanska, 2024. "Rethinking the Green Strategies and Environmental Performance of Ports for the Global Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-23, December.
  72. Wang, Jinggai & Zhong, Meisu & Wang, Tianni & Ge, Ying-En, 2023. "Identifying industry-related opinions on shore power from a survey in China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 65-81.
  73. Lu, Ying & Fang, Sidun & Niu, Tao & Liao, Ruijin, 2023. "Energy-transport scheduling for green vehicles in seaport areas: A review on operation models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
  74. Guoxing Yu & Huihui Song & Meng Liu & Zongxun Song & Yanbin Qu, 2022. "Distributed Weight Adaptive Control for Frequency Regulation of Islanded Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, June.
  75. Iris, Çağatay & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2021. "Optimal energy management and operations planning in seaports with smart grid while harnessing renewable energy under uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  76. Alberto Camarero Orive & José Ignacio Parra Santiago & María Magdalena Esteban-Infantes Corral & Nicoletta González-Cancelas, 2020. "Strategic Analysis of the Automation of Container Port Terminals through BOT (Business Observation Tool)," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-14, February.
  77. Luo, Zhenhua & Yuan, Guangyao & Zhang, Qin & Pan, HaiZe & Deng, MengJie, 2025. "Study on critical success factors of the energy performance contracting program in petrochemical industry under the dual carbon background," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
  78. Raeesi, Ramin & Sahebjamnia, Navid & Mansouri, S. Afshin, 2023. "The synergistic effect of operational research and big data analytics in greening container terminal operations: A review and future directions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(3), pages 943-973.
  79. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez, 2023. "Multi-Objective Dispatch of PV Plants in Monopolar DC Grids Using a Weighted-Based Iterative Convex Solution Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
  80. Surucu-Balci, Ebru & Iris, Çağatay & Balci, Gökcay, 2024. "Digital information in maritime supply chains with blockchain and cloud platforms: Supply chain capabilities, barriers, and research opportunities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  81. Li, Ruhuan & Zhou, Jun & Qiu, Zitong & Li, Haonan & Li, Jinman & Wu, Ji & Wu, Kai, 2025. "Bi-level optimization of hybrid energy conversion system based on a multi-distinct low-carbon microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
  82. Ramazan Ozkan Yildiz & Elif Koc & Oguzhan Der & Murat Aymelek, 2024. "Unveiling the Contemporary Research Direction and Current Business Management Strategies for Port Decarbonization Through a Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-38, December.
  83. Alamoush, Anas S. & Ballini, Fabio & Ölçer, Aykut I., 2024. "Management of stakeholders engaged in port energy transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  84. Krishankumar, Raghunathan & Dinçer, Hasan & Yüksel, Serhat & Gökalp, Yaşar & Ravichandran, K.S. & Antucheviciene, Jurgita, 2025. "Analysis of energy efficiency investments in smart manufacturing via double hierarchy linguistic structure-based hybrid decision-making model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
  85. Rofhiwa Lutendo Edward Takalani & Lesedi Masisi, 2023. "Development of an Optimal Port Crane Trajectory for Reduced Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-20, October.
  86. Mohtasim, Md. Shahriar & Das, Barun K. & Paul, Utpol K. & Kibria, Md. Golam & Hossain, Md Sanowar, 2025. "Hybrid renewable multi-generation system optimization: Attaining sustainable development goals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
  87. Yunesky Masip Macía & Pablo Rodríguez Machuca & Angel Alexander Rodríguez Soto & Roberto Carmona Campos, 2021. "Green Hydrogen Value Chain in the Sustainability for Port Operations: Case Study in the Region of Valparaiso, Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-17, December.
  88. Gao, Yinping & Yang, Linying & Wang, Miaomiao & Zhen, Lu, 2025. "Integrated energy scheduling under uncertainty for sustainable ports," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
  89. Liu, Jiaguo & Wang, Xiaoye & Guo, Junyu, 2021. "Port efficiency and its influencing factors in the context of Pilot Free Trade Zones," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 67-79.
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