IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i23p10662-d1537200.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal Routing and Sustainable Operation Scheduling of Large Ships with Integrated Full-Electric Propulsion

Author

Listed:
  • Epameinondas K. Koumaniotis

    (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Fotios D. Kanellos

    (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

Abstract

The continuously intensified pursuit to reduce emissions related to human activity and the increased competition in maritime sector calls for sustainable and well-planned solutions to conform with environmental constraints and maximize profit, respectively. In a sector that is very critical for human activities, such as the maritime industry, it is essential to be able to reduce ship emissions without increasing the overall cost of operations and the time to transfer the cargo. All these parameters make ship routing and ship emission reduction very crucial. This work examines the effective routing of large ships with an integrated full-electric propulsion system and the optimal power generation scheduling of their generators to attain the minimum possible operational cost. To achieve this, the problem was formulated, modeled and solved in two stages, namely, ship routing and power generation scheduling, respectively. The first stage was solved using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the second one with a conventional optimization algorithm based on the steepest decent concept. The proposed ship routing method is based on the sea resistance concept and the minimization of total ship propulsion energy. The obtained results show that the optimal path is a combination of the minimum distance path and the minimum resistance path. Ship sustainability is reinforced with the reduction in ship operation cost and ship emissions. Ship emission reduction is achieved in the second optimization stage using a suitable emission index that complies with IMO regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Epameinondas K. Koumaniotis & Fotios D. Kanellos, 2024. "Optimal Routing and Sustainable Operation Scheduling of Large Ships with Integrated Full-Electric Propulsion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:23:p:10662-:d:1537200
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10662/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10662/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yonghong Ma & Baixuan Li, 2020. "Hybridized Intelligent Home Renewable Energy Management System for Smart Grids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Zhihang Bei & Juan Wang & Yalun Li & Hewu Wang & Minghai Li & Feng Qian & Wenqiang Xu, 2024. "Challenges and Solutions of Ship Power System Electrification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-25, July.
    3. Christiansen, Marielle & Fagerholt, Kjetil & Nygreen, Bjørn & Ronen, David, 2013. "Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 228(3), pages 467-483.
    4. Siniša Martinić-Cezar & Zdeslav Jurić & Nur Assani & Branko Lalić, 2024. "Optimization of Fuel Consumption by Controlling the Load Distribution between Engines in an LNG Ship Electric Propulsion Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Iris, Çağatay & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2019. "A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 170-182.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li Chen & Gang Duan & Jie Cao & Jinhua Wang, 2025. "Two-Stage Optimization on Vessel Routing and Hybrid Energy Output for Marine Debris Collection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-34, April.
    2. Hamdi Sena Nomak & İsmail Çiçek, 2025. "Decarbonizing a Sailboat Using Solar Panels, Wind Turbines, and Hydro-Generation for Zero-Emission Propulsion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-23, October.
    3. Yevgeniy Kalinichenko & Sergey Rudenko & Andrii Holovan & Nadiia Vasalatii & Anastasiia Zaiets & Oleksandr Koliesnik & Leonid Oberto Santana & Nataliia Dolynska, 2025. "Smart Routing for Sustainable Shipping: A Review of Trajectory Optimization Approaches in Waterborne Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-40, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sameh Mahjoub & Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui & Saïd Drid & Nabil Derbel, 2023. "Control and Implementation of an Energy Management Strategy for a PV–Wind–Battery Microgrid Based on an Intelligent Prediction Algorithm of Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    2. Dongping Song, 2021. "A Literature Review, Container Shipping Supply Chain: Planning Problems and Research Opportunities," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Magirou, Evangelos F. & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Bouritas, Theodore, 2015. "The economic speed of an oceangoing vessel in a dynamic setting," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 48-67.
    4. Tran, Nguyen Khoi & Haasis, Hans-Dietrich, 2015. "An empirical study of fleet expansion and growth of ship size in container liner shipping," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 241-253.
    5. Wu, Lingxiao & Pan, Kai & Wang, Shuaian & Yang, Dong, 2018. "Bulk ship scheduling in industrial shipping with stochastic backhaul canvassing demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 117(PA), pages 117-136.
    6. Agra, Agostinho & Christiansen, Marielle & Delgado, Alexandrino & Simonetti, Luidi, 2014. "Hybrid heuristics for a short sea inventory routing problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 236(3), pages 924-935.
    7. Shuaian Wang & Dan Zhuge & Lu Zhen & Chung-Yee Lee, 2021. "Liner Shipping Service Planning Under Sulfur Emission Regulations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(2), pages 491-509, March.
    8. Domenico Gattuso & Domenica Savia Pellicanò, 2023. "HUs Fleet Management in an Automated Container Port: Assessment by a Simulation Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Ryuichi Shibasaki & Takayuki Iijima & Taiji Kawakami & Takashi Kadono & Tatsuyuki Shishido, 2017. "Network assignment model of integrating maritime and hinterland container shipping: application to Central America," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 19(2), pages 234-273, June.
    10. Minjeong Sim & Dongjun Suh & Marc-Oliver Otto, 2021. "Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Support Model for Integrating Renewable Energy Systems in a Korean Campus Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Wang, Shuaian, 2015. "Optimal sequence of container ships in a string," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 246(3), pages 850-857.
    12. Wang, Hua & Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang, 2014. "Simultaneous optimization of schedule coordination and cargo allocation for liner container shipping networks," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 261-273.
    13. Shunquan Huang & Yongsheng Huo & Guangnian Xiao, 2025. "Impact of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” Construction on the Efficiency of China’s Coastal Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-22, January.
    14. Byung Kwon Lee & Seyyed Amir Babak Rasmi & Jakkarin Sae-Tiew, 2024. "Scheduling offshore cargo handling with operational dynamics including cost composites, downtime periods, and cargo attributes," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 279-314, March.
    15. Tobias Buer & Rasmus Haass, 2018. "Cooperative liner shipping network design by means of a combinatorial auction," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 686-711, December.
    16. Raeesi, Ramin & Sahebjamnia, Navid & Mansouri, S. Afshin, 2023. "The synergistic effect of operational research and big data analytics in greening container terminal operations: A review and future directions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(3), pages 943-973.
    17. Morteza Nazari-Heris & Atefeh Tamaskani Esfehankalateh & Pouya Ifaei, 2023. "Hybrid Energy Systems for Buildings: A Techno-Economic-Enviro Systematic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-15, June.
    18. Sun, Yanshuo & Kirtonia, Sajeeb & Chen, Zhi-Long, 2021. "A survey of finished vehicle distribution and related problems from an optimization perspective," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    19. Amr Saleh & Walid A. Omran & Hany M. Hasanien & Marcos Tostado-Véliz & Abdulaziz Alkuhayli & Francisco Jurado, 2022. "Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for the Virtual Inertia Control of Islanded Microgrids Including Renewable Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Zheng, Jianfeng & Meng, Qiang & Sun, Zhuo, 2014. "Impact analysis of maritime cabotage legislations on liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 234(3), pages 874-884.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:23:p:10662-:d:1537200. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.