Improving the energy efficiency and economic benefits of port integrated energy systems: A multi-objective optimization model for wind-storage-charging-discharging power stations with green efficiency factors-driven multilateral response strategy

With the implementation of the dual-carbon strategy and the growth of maritime trade, the Port Integrated Energy System (PIES) provides a novel approach to integrating new energy into the grid and enhancing energy synergy. However, the temporal mismatch between peak renewable energy generation and electricity demand leads to a supply-demand imbalance, resulting in wind and solar curtailment, reducing renewable energy efficiency. To improve energy efficiency in PIES, this study proposes a collaborative optimization strategy for wind-storage-charging-discharging power stations with Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and ships. The strategy combines the energy time-shifting characteristics of AGVs and ships with the peak-shaving and valley-filling capabilities of energy storage stations, promoting wind power consumption and improving energy utilization. A load response strategy driven by a green efficiency factor is developed to explore the load response potential of port system users. Lastly, a dual-disturbance collaborative optimization strategy is proposed, improving the Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm combined with the GUROBI solver for efficient PIES problem solving. Case analysis shows that the optimization strategy reduces the economic cost of PIES by about 10.70 %, increases environmental benefits by about 10.81 %, decreases energy purchase costs by 0.48 %, and reduces gas purchase costs by 18.77 %, indicating higher energy self-sufficiency and improved energy utilization in PIES.