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Bi-level optimization of hybrid energy conversion system based on a multi-distinct low-carbon microgrid

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  • Li, Ruhuan
  • Zhou, Jun
  • Qiu, Zitong
  • Li, Haonan
  • Li, Jinman
  • Wu, Ji
  • Wu, Kai

Abstract

Nowadays, both of economy and sustainability are requirements for energy systems. This study proposes a Stackelberg-based bi-level integrated energy optimization system for examining the impact of different mechanisms on the low-carbon economy of integrated energy systems (IES) by considering energy interaction, demand response, carbon trading costs, and green certificate trading benefits. An IES is developed based on the reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) and the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system. Eight scenarios are presented in order to investigate the impact of multiple mechanisms on the system. Carbon Emission Trading (CET) and Green Certificate Trading (GCT) significantly contribute to the utilization of renewable energy, thereby prompting IES to operate with low carbon emissions. Bi-level optimization adjusts the electricity price to influence dispatch of IESs, and the curtailment percentage is significantly reduced. Moreover, The Demand Response (DR) curve elucidates the system’s propensity to supply energy at each period, which can help RDC set the electricity price accordingly. Finally, a new optimization method with fixed electrical trading prices from optimization result is implemented to analyze the sensitivity of parameters. The result shows that transferring carbon trading costs from the upper RDC level to the IES is a better choice for carbon reduction than bi-level optimization when C>0.3.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Ruhuan & Zhou, Jun & Qiu, Zitong & Li, Haonan & Li, Jinman & Wu, Ji & Wu, Kai, 2025. "Bi-level optimization of hybrid energy conversion system based on a multi-distinct low-carbon microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124021633
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122095
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