Low-carbon economic distributed dispatch for district-level integrated energy system considering privacy protection and demand response

With transforming the energy market to a multi-agent interactive competition structure, the district-level integrated energy system (DLIES) faces the challenges of privacy, low carbon, and economic dispatch. This paper proposes a low-carbon economic distributed dispatch method for DLIES considering privacy protection and demand response. A bi-level leader–follower game model is established to ensure the optimal interaction strategy. The integrated energy service provider is the upper-level leader, and the energy hub operator and load aggregator are the lower-level followers. Then, the reward-penalty continuous carbon trading model and demand response model are proposed to guide DLIES low-carbon scheduling. Furthermore, the bi-level game model is transformed into a tractable single-level problem using optimization theory and linearization technique to reduce the complexity, and solved by a distributed iterative algorithm. Each agent only exchanges marginal information, avoiding information exposure. Finally, different scale case analyses indicate that the proposed method can effectively enhance the low-carbon economic performance of DLIES. In different scenarios, the implementation effects of the proposed method and the generic technologies are compared, and the scalability in large-scale complex energy systems is proved.