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Fair valuation of life insurance liabilities: The impact of interest rate guarantees, surrender options, and bonus policies

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Cited by:

  1. Maurer, Raimond & Mitchell, Olivia S. & Rogalla, Ralph & Siegelin, Ivonne, 2016. "Accounting and actuarial smoothing of retirement payouts in participating life annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 268-283.
  2. Consiglio, Andrea & Saunders, David & Zenios, Stavros A., 2006. "Asset and liability management for insurance products with minimum guarantees: The UK case," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 645-667, February.
  3. Consiglio, Andrea & Cocco, Flavio & Zenios, Stavros A., 2008. "Asset and liability modelling for participating policies with guarantees," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 186(1), pages 380-404, April.
  4. Bernard, Carole & Boyle, Phelim P., 2011. "A Natural Hedge for Equity Indexed Annuities," Annals of Actuarial Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(2), pages 211-230, September.
  5. Ninna Reitzel Jensen & Kristian Juul Schomacker, 2015. "A Two-Account Life Insurance Model for Scenario-Based Valuation Including Event Risk," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-36, June.
  6. Shen, Weixi & Xu, Huiping, 2005. "The valuation of unit-linked policies with or without surrender options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 79-92, February.
  7. László Kovács, 2019. "Applications of Metaheuristics in Insurance," Society and Economy, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, vol. 41(3), pages 371-395, September.
  8. Bruszas, Sandy & Kaschützke, Barbara & Maurer, Raimond & Siegelin, Ivonne, 2018. "Unisex pricing of German participating life annuities—Boon or bane for customer and insurance company?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 230-245.
  9. Antje Mahayni & Erik Schlögl, 2003. "The Risk Management of Minimum Return Guarantees," Research Paper Series 102, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
  10. Martin Eling & Michael Kochanski, 2013. "Research on lapse in life insurance: what has been done and what needs to be done?," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(4), pages 392-413, August.
  11. Nordahl, Helge A., 2008. "Valuation of life insurance surrender and exchange options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 909-919, June.
  12. Elia Berdin & Helmut Gründl, 2015. "The Effects of a Low Interest Rate Environment on Life Insurers," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 40(3), pages 385-415, July.
  13. Hainaut, Donatien, 2010. "Optimal design of profit sharing rates by FFT," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 470-478, June.
  14. Christian Hilpert & Jing Li & Alexander Szimayer, 2014. "The Effect of Secondary Markets on Equity-Linked Life Insurance With Surrender Guarantees," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 81(4), pages 943-968, December.
  15. Wilaiporn Suwanmalai & Simon Zaby, 2022. "How Do Life Insurers Respond to a Prolonged Low Interest Rate Environment? A Literature Review," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-16, August.
  16. Faust, Roger & Schmeiser, Hato & Zemp, Alexandra, 2012. "A performance analysis of participating life insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 158-171.
  17. Gatzert, Nadine, 2008. "Asset management and surplus distribution strategies in life insurance: An examination with respect to risk pricing and risk measurement," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 839-849, April.
  18. Jaime Casassus & Eduardo Walker, 2013. "Adjusted Money's Worth Ratios in Life Annuities," Documentos de Trabajo 434, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
  19. Kleinow, Torsten & Willder, Mark, 2007. "The effect of management discretion on hedging and fair valuation of participating policies with maturity guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 445-458, May.
  20. Fabrice Borel-Mathurin & Pierre-Emmanuel Darpeix & Quentin Guibert & Stéphane Loisel, 2018. "Main Determinants of Profit-Sharing Policy in the French Life Insurance Industry," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 43(3), pages 420-455, July.
  21. Tanskanen, Antti Juho & Lukkarinen, Jani, 2003. "Fair valuation of path-dependent participating life insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 595-609, December.
  22. Døskeland, Trond M. & Nordahl, Helge A., 2008. "Optimal pension insurance design," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 382-392, March.
  23. Grochola, Nicolaus, 2023. "The influence of negative interest rates on life insurance companies," ICIR Working Paper Series 53/23, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR).
  24. Steffensen, Mogens, 2002. "Intervention options in life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 71-85, August.
  25. Tak Siu & John Lau & Hailiang Yang, 2007. "On Valuing Participating Life Insurance Contracts with Conditional Heteroscedasticity," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 14(3), pages 255-275, September.
  26. Kling, Alexander & Richter, Andreas & Ru[ss], Jochen, 2007. "The interaction of guarantees, surplus distribution, and asset allocation in with-profit life insurance policies," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 164-178, January.
  27. Lin, Shih-Kuei & Lin, Chien-Hsiu & Chuang, Ming-Che & Chou, Chia-Yu, 2014. "A recursive formula for a participating contract embedding a surrender option under regime-switching model with jump risks: Evidence from stock indices," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 341-350.
  28. Thomas Poufinas, 2015. "On the pricing of regular premium variable annuities using options," International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(1), pages 54-77.
  29. Thomas Poufinas, 2011. "On the pricing of single premium variable annuities with periodic fees and periodic cost of insurance using option pricing techniques," International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(3), pages 180-194.
  30. Laura Ballotta, 2009. "Pricing and capital requirements for with profit contracts: modelling considerations," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(7), pages 803-817.
  31. Srbinoski Bojan & Strozzi Fernanda & Poposki Klime & Born Patricia H., 2020. "Trends in Life Insurance Demand and Lapse Literature," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 14(2), pages 1-46, July.
  32. Graf, Stefan & Kling, Alexander & Ruß, Jochen, 2011. "Risk analysis and valuation of life insurance contracts: Combining actuarial and financial approaches," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 115-125, July.
  33. Ali Shaddady, 2022. "Business environment, political risk, governance, Shariah compliance and efficiency in insurance companies in the MENA region," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 47(4), pages 861-904, October.
  34. Plat, Richard & Pelsser, Antoon, 2009. "Analytical approximations for prices of swap rate dependent embedded options in insurance products," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 124-134, February.
  35. Cheng, Chunli & Hilpert, Christian & Miri Lavasani, Aidin & Schaefer, Mick, 2023. "Surrender contagion in life insurance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(3), pages 1465-1479.
  36. Thai Nguyen & Mitja Stadje, 2018. "Optimal investment for participating insurance contracts under VaR-Regulation," Papers 1805.09068, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2019.
  37. Schmeiser, H. & Wagner, J., 2011. "A joint valuation of premium payment and surrender options in participating life insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 580-596.
  38. Loriana Pelizzon & Matteo Sottocornola, 2016. "The Impact of the Monetary Policy Interventions on the Insurance Industry," EIOPA Financial Stability Report - Thematic Articles 8, EIOPA, Risks and Financial Stability Department.
  39. Cheng, Chunli & Li, Jing, 2018. "Early default risk and surrender risk: Impacts on participating life insurance policies," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 30-43.
  40. Goecke, Oskar, 2013. "Pension saving schemes with return smoothing mechanism," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 678-689.
  41. Catherine Donnelly, 2017. "A Discussion of a Risk-Sharing Pension Plan," Risks, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, February.
  42. Feodoria, Mark & Förstemann, Till, 2015. "Lethal lapses: How a positive interest rate shock might stress German life insurers," Discussion Papers 12/2015, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  43. Berdin, Elia & Pancaro, Cosimo & Kok Sørensen, Christoffer, 2016. "A stochastic forward-looking model to assess the profitability and solvency of European insurers," SAFE Working Paper Series 137, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, revised 2016.
  44. Marco Di Francesco & Roberta Simonella, 2023. "A stochastic Asset Liability Management model for life insurance companies," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 37(1), pages 61-94, March.
  45. Eckhard Platen, 2009. "Real World Pricing of Long Term Contracts," Research Paper Series 262, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
  46. Nadine Gatzert & Hato Schmeiser, 2008. "Assessing the Risk Potential of Premium Payment Options in Participating Life Insurance Contracts," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 75(3), pages 691-712, September.
  47. Christian Hilpert, 2020. "The Effect of Risk Aversion and Loss Aversion on Equity‐Linked Life Insurance With Surrender Guarantees," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 87(3), pages 665-687, September.
  48. Su, Karen C., 2010. "The conversion option in life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 437-442, June.
  49. Chen, An & Hentschel, Felix & Klein, Jakob K., 2015. "A utility- and CPT-based comparison of life insurance contracts with guarantees," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 327-339.
  50. Bacinello, Anna Rita, 2005. "Endogenous model of surrender conditions in equity-linked life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 270-296, October.
  51. Gerstner, Thomas & Griebel, Michael & Holtz, Markus & Goschnick, Ralf & Haep, Marcus, 2008. "A general asset-liability management model for the efficient simulation of portfolios of life insurance policies," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 704-716, April.
  52. Guillen, Montserrat & Jorgensen, Peter Lochte & Nielsen, Jens Perch, 2006. "Return smoothing mechanisms in life and pension insurance: Path-dependent contingent claims," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 229-252, April.
  53. Jonas Alm & Filip Lindskog, 2015. "Valuation of Index-Linked Cash Flows in a Heath–Jarrow–Morton Framework," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-27, September.
  54. Wang, Nan & Gerrard, Russell & Haberman, Steven, 2004. "The premium and the risk of a life policy in the presence of interest rate fluctuations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 537-551, December.
  55. Trond M Døskeland & Helge A Nordahl, 2008. "Intergenerational Effects of Guaranteed Pension Contracts," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 33(1), pages 19-46, June.
  56. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Nguyen, Thai, 2019. "Constrained non-concave utility maximization: An application to life insurance contracts with guarantees," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 1119-1135.
  57. Gerstner, Thomas & Griebel, Michael & Holtz, Markus, 2009. "Efficient deterministic numerical simulation of stochastic asset-liability management models in life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 434-446, June.
  58. Chang Shih-Chieh & Lee Yen-Kuan & Hsuan Wei & Tu Chang-ye, 2020. "Allocating Overseas: Risk Assessment of Currency Hedging in Taiwan Life Insurance Industry," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, January.
  59. Barbarin, Jerome & Devolder, Pierre, 2005. "Risk measure and fair valuation of an investment guarantee in life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 297-323, October.
  60. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
  61. Li, Jing & Szimayer, Alexander, 2010. "The effect of policyholders' rationality on unit-linked life insurance contracts with surrender guarantees," Bonn Econ Discussion Papers 22/2010, University of Bonn, Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE).
  62. Lindset Snorre, 2008. "Risk-Based Pre-Funding of Guaranty Funds in Life Insurance," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 2(2), pages 1-10, March.
  63. Bo, Lijun, 2011. "Exponential change of measure applied to term structures of interest rates and exchange rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 216-225, September.
  64. Nadine Gatzert & Gudrun Hoermann & Hato Schmeiser, 2009. "The Impact of the Secondary Market on Life Insurers’ Surrender Profits," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 76(4), pages 887-908, December.
  65. Andreas Reuß & Jochen Ruß & Jochen Wieland, 2016. "Participating Life Insurance Products with Alternative Guarantees: Reconciling Policyholders’ and Insurers’ Interests," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-18, May.
  66. Eckert, Johanna & Gatzert, Nadine & Martin, Michael, 2016. "Valuation and risk assessment of participating life insurance in the presence of credit risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 382-393.
  67. Maria B. Chiarolla & Tiziano Angelis & Gabriele Stabile, 2022. "An analytical study of participating policies with minimum rate guarantee and surrender option," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 173-216, April.
  68. Olivier Le Courtois & François Quittard-Pinon & Xiaoshan Su, 2020. "Pricing and hedging defaultable participating contracts with regime switching and jump risk," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 43(1), pages 303-339, June.
  69. Andrea Consiglio & Domenico De Giovanni, 2010. "Pricing the Option to Surrender in Incomplete Markets," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 935-957, December.
  70. Belssing Taruvinga, 2019. "Solving Selected Problems on American Option Pricing with the Method of Lines," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 4-2019.
  71. Berdin, Elia, 2016. "Interest rate risk, longevity risk and the solvency of life insurers," ICIR Working Paper Series 23/16, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR).
  72. Siu, Tak Kuen, 2005. "Fair valuation of participating policies with surrender options and regime switching," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 533-552, December.
  73. Jan Natolski & Ralf Werner, 2017. "Mathematical Analysis of Replication by Cash Flow Matching," Risks, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-15, February.
  74. Vittas, Dimitri, 2011. "The mechanics and regulation of variable payout annuities," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5762, The World Bank.
  75. Bohnert, Alexander & Born, Patricia & Gatzert, Nadine, 2014. "Dynamic hybrid products in life insurance: Assessing the policyholders’ viewpoint," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 87-99.
  76. Bernard, Carole & MacKay, Anne & Muehlbeyer, Max, 2014. "Optimal surrender policy for variable annuity guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 116-128.
  77. Thomas Url, 2014. "Vorteile der Risikoübernahme in der klassischen Lebensversicherung," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 60603, April.
  78. Kang, Boda & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2018. "Optimal surrender of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits under stochastic volatility and interest rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 43-56.
  79. Ballotta, Laura, 2005. "A Lévy process-based framework for the fair valuation of participating life insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 173-196, October.
  80. Kling, Alexander & Richter, Andreas & Ruß, Jochen, 2006. "The Impact of Surplus Distribution on the Risk Exposure of With Profit Life Insurance Policies Including Interest Rate Guarantees," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 1220, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
  81. Consiglio, Andrea & De Giovanni, Domenico, 2008. "Evaluation of insurance products with guarantee in incomplete markets," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 332-342, February.
  82. Jarner, Søren Fiig & Kronborg, Morten Tolver, 2016. "Entrance times of random walks: With applications to pension fund modeling," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1-20.
  83. Kassberger, Stefan & Kiesel, Rüdiger & Liebmann, Thomas, 2008. "Fair valuation of insurance contracts under Lévy process specifications," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 419-433, February.
  84. S. Sbaraglia & M. Papi & M. Briani & M. Bernaschi & F. Gozzi, 2003. "A Model For The Optimal Asset-Liability Management For Insurance Companies," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 6(03), pages 277-299.
  85. Francesco Della Corte & Gian Paolo Clemente & Nino Savelli, 2023. "A cohort-based Partial Internal Model for demographic risk," Papers 2307.03090, arXiv.org.
  86. Mao, Hong & Ostaszewski, Krzysztof M., 2008. "Pricing equity-linked life insurance contracts with minimum interest rate guarantee in partial equilibrium framework," German Risk and Insurance Review (GRIR), University of Cologne, Department of Risk Management and Insurance, vol. 4(2), pages 27-52.
  87. Pelsser, Antoon, 2003. "Pricing and hedging guaranteed annuity options via static option replication," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 283-296, October.
  88. Fard, Farzad Alavi & Siu, Tak Kuen, 2013. "Pricing participating products with Markov-modulated jump–diffusion process: An efficient numerical PIDE approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 712-721.
  89. Jensen, Bjarne Astrup & Sørensen, Carsten, 2000. "Paying for minimum interest rate guarantees: Who should compensate who?," Working Papers 2000-1, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Finance.
  90. Zaglauer, Katharina & Bauer, Daniel, 2008. "Risk-neutral valuation of participating life insurance contracts in a stochastic interest rate environment," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 29-40, August.
  91. Matthew C. Chang & Shi-jie Jiang, 2010. "Surrender Effects On Policy Reserves: A Simulation Analysis Of Investment Guarantee Contracts," Global Journal of Business Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 4(4), pages 11-21.
  92. Eling, Martin & Holder, Stefan, 2013. "The value of interest rate guarantees in participating life insurance contracts: Status quo and alternative product design," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 491-503.
  93. Tang, Chun-Hua, 2018. "Subjective value of the guarantees embedded in public cash-balance pension plans," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(2), pages 231-250, April.
  94. David R. Ba~nos & Salvador Ortiz-Latorre & Oriol Zamora Font, 2023. "Thiele's PIDE for unit-linked policies in the Heston-Hawkes stochastic volatility model," Papers 2309.03541, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
  95. Zemp, Alexandra, 2011. "Risk comparison of different bonus distribution approaches in participating life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 249-264, September.
  96. De Giovanni, Domenico, 2007. "Lapse Rate Modeling: A Rational Expectation Approach," Finance Research Group Working Papers F-2007-03, University of Aarhus, Aarhus School of Business, Department of Business Studies.
  97. Bohnert, Alexander & Gatzert, Nadine, 2012. "Analyzing surplus appropriation schemes in participating life insurance from the insurer’s and the policyholder’s perspective," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 64-78.
  98. Aur'elien Alfonsi & Adel Cherchali & Jose Arturo Infante Acevedo, 2019. "A full and synthetic model for Asset-Liability Management in life insurance, and analysis of the SCR with the standard formula," Papers 1908.00811, arXiv.org.
  99. Alexander Bohnert, 2015. "The Impact of Guarantees on the Performance of Pension Saving Schemes: Insights from the Literature," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, November.
  100. Kevin Fergusson & Eckhard Platen, 2013. "Real World Pricing of Long Term Cash-Linked Annuities and Equity-Linked Annuities with Cash-Linked Guarantees," Research Paper Series 338, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
  101. Devolder, Pierre & Domínguez-Fabián, Inmaculada, 2005. "Fair Valuation of Various Participation Schemes in Life Insurance," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 35(1), pages 275-297, May.
  102. Luca Anzilli & Luigi De Cesare, 2007. "Valuation of the surrender option in unit-linked life insurance policies in a non-rational behaviour framework," Quaderni DSEMS 20-2007, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Matematiche e Statistiche, Universita' di Foggia.
  103. Bauer, Daniel & Kiesel, Rudiger & Kling, Alexander & Ru[ss], Jochen, 2006. "Risk-neutral valuation of participating life insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 171-183, October.
  104. Antje Mahayni & Oliver Lubos & Sascha Offermann, 2021. "Minimum return rate guarantees under default risk: optimal design of quantile guarantees," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(7), pages 1821-1848, October.
  105. Bohnert, Alexander & Gatzert, Nadine & Jørgensen, Peter Løchte, 2015. "On the management of life insurance company risk by strategic choice of product mix, investment strategy and surplus appropriation schemes," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 83-97.
  106. Ballotta, Laura & Haberman, Steven, 2003. "Valuation of guaranteed annuity conversion options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 87-108, August.
  107. Russo, Vincenzo & Giacometti, Rosella & Fabozzi, Frank J., 2017. "Intensity-based framework for surrender modeling in life insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 189-196.
  108. Boado-Penas, M. Carmen & Brinker, Leonie V. & Eisenberg, Julia & Korn, Ralf, 2023. "Managing reputational risk in the decumulation phase of a pension fund," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 52-68.
  109. Gatzert, Nadine, 2019. "An analysis of transaction costs in participating life insurance under mean–variance preferences," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 185-197.
  110. Yang, Sharon S. & Yueh, Meng-Lan & Tang, Chun-Hua, 2008. "Valuation of the interest rate guarantee embedded in defined contribution pension plans," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 920-934, June.
  111. Tobias Burkhart, 2018. "Surrender Risk in the Context of the Quantitative Assessment of Participating Life Insurance Contracts under Solvency II," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-38, June.
  112. Tsai, Chenghsien & Kuo, Weiyu & Chen, Wei-Kuang, 2002. "Early surrender and the distribution of policy reserves," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 429-445, December.
  113. David Prieul & Vladislav Putyatin & Tarek Nassar, 2001. "On pricing and reserving with-profits life insurance contracts," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 145-166.
  114. Lindset, Snorre, 2003. "Pricing of multi-period rate of return guarantees," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 629-644, December.
  115. An Chen & Xia Su, 2009. "Knightian uncertainty and insurance regulation decision," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 32(1), pages 13-33, May.
  116. Park Kwang Hee & Woon Kyung Song, 2017. "Factors Affecting Derivatives Use for Life Insurance Companies," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(12), pages 168-174, December.
  117. Christian Dehm & Thai Nguyen & Mitja Stadje, 2020. "Non-concave expected utility optimization with uncertain time horizon," Papers 2005.13831, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2021.
  118. Andrea Consiglio & Flavio Cocco & Stavros A. Zenios, 2001. "The Value of Integrative Risk Management for Insurance Products with Guarantees," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 01-06, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
  119. Nadine Gatzert, 2010. "The Secondary Market for Life Insurance in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States: Comparison and Overview," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 13(2), pages 279-301, September.
  120. Kochanski, Michael, 2010. "Solvency capital requirement for German unit-linked insurance products," German Risk and Insurance Review (GRIR), University of Cologne, Department of Risk Management and Insurance, vol. 6(2), pages 33-70.
  121. Lee, Yung-Tsung, 2015. "A Framework to Charge for Unit-Linked Contracts When Considering Guaranteed Risk," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 5(3), pages 495-509, March.
  122. Schaper, Philipp, 2017. "Under pressure: how the business environment affects productivity and efficiency of European life insurance companiesAuthor-Name: Eling, Martin," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(3), pages 1082-1094.
  123. Iwaki, Hideki & Yumae, Shoji, 2004. "An efficient frontier for participating policies in a continuous-time economy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 611-625, December.
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