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Trade liberalization and the environment: Evidence from NAFTA and U.S. manufacturing

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Cited by:

  1. Zheng Wang, 2021. "Blame the Foreigners? Exports and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in China," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 80(2), pages 279-309, October.
  2. Dongmin Kong & Guangyuan Ma & Ni Qin, 2022. "Trade liberalization and firm toxic emissions," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 971-1002, September.
  3. Damien Dussaux & Francesco Vona & Antoine Dechezleprêtre, 2023. "Imported carbon emissions: Evidence from French manufacturing companies," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(2), pages 593-621, May.
  4. Wenhao Yang & Yuanzhe Huang & Jinsong Ye & Changbiao Zhong, 2024. "Trade and Water Pollution: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-22, April.
  5. Ryan Abman & Clark Lundberg & Michele Ruta, 2024. "The Effectiveness of Environmental Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 22(6), pages 2507-2548.
  6. R. Margarita Navarro-Pabsdorf & Concepción Martínez-Alcalá & Encarnación Moral-Pajares, 2020. "Can International Trade Help Africa’s Least Developed Countries Achieve SDG-1?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, June.
  7. Haas, Levi & Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus R., 2019. "International Trade: Smarten up to talk the talk," MPRA Paper 99096, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  8. Damien Dussaux & Francesco Vona & Antoine Dechezleprêtre, 2020. "Carbon Offshoring: Evidence from French Manufacturing Companies," Working Papers hal-03403069, HAL.
  9. Leisner, Jonathan & Munch, Jakob R. & Nielsen, August Twile & Schaur, Georg, 2023. "The Impact of Offshoring and Import Competition on Firm-Level Carbon Emissions," IZA Discussion Papers 16556, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  10. Hartmut Egger & Udo Kreickemeier & Philipp M. Richter, 2021. "Environmental Policy and Firm Selection in the Open Economy," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(4), pages 655-690.
  11. Banerjee, Soumendra Nath & Roy, Jayjit & Yasar, Mahmut, 2021. "Exporting and pollution abatement expenditure: Evidence from firm-level data," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  12. Joseph S Shapiro, 2021. "The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 136(2), pages 831-886.
  13. Ke Zhang & Xingwei Wang, 2021. "Pollution Haven Hypothesis of Global CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x —Evidence from 43 Economies and 56 Sectors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-27, June.
  14. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2017. "Environmental and resource economics: A Canadian retrospective," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1381-1413, December.
  15. Hongmin Zhang & Jinghua Zhang, 2023. "Pollution Transfer under Intergovernmental Competition: Suppression or Opportunity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-18, October.
  16. Joseph S. Shapiro & Reed Walker, 2018. "Why Is Pollution from US Manufacturing Declining? The Roles of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, and Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 108(12), pages 3814-3854, December.
  17. Qi, Yu & Shao, Shuai & Tian, Zhihua & Xu, Yang & Yin, Jun, 2022. "Environmental consequences of fair competition: Evidence from China's corporate income tax merger policy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  18. Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Walid Oueslati, 2018. "Do deep and comprehensive regional trade agreements help in reducing air pollution?," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 18(6), pages 743-777, December.
  19. Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Badunenko, Oleg & Willox, Michael, 2022. "Do carbon taxes affect economic and environmental efficiency? The case of British Columbia’s manufacturing plants," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  20. Jingbo Cui & On Kit Tam & Bei Wang & Yan Zhang, 2020. "The environmental effect of trade liberalization: Evidence from China's manufacturing firms," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(12), pages 3357-3383, December.
  21. Geng Huang & Xi Lin & Shuying Xu & Junyu Wang & Ling‐Yun He, 2025. "Trade policy uncertainty, export destination, and firm's pollution emissions: Analysis from theoretical perspective," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(4), pages 2181-2189, June.
  22. Qirjo, Dhimitri & Pascalau, Razvan & Krichevskiy, Dmitriy, 2019. "CETA and Air Pollution," MPRA Paper 95608, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  23. Xi Lin & Ling‐Yun He, 2023. "‘Going global’ and pollution in home country: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 1135-1174, October.
  24. Sogalla, Robin & Wanner, Joschka & Watabe, Yuta, 2024. "New trade models, same old emissions?," Kiel Working Papers 2267, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  25. Philipp Ludwig, 2025. "Can Unilateral Policy Decarbonize Maritime Trade?," CESifo Working Paper Series 11712, CESifo.
  26. LaPlue, Lawrence D., 2022. "Environmental consequences of natural gas wellhead pricing deregulation," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
  27. Huang, Geng & Lin, Xi & He, Ling-Yun, 2025. "Importing intermediates from high-tech countries versus from low-tech countries: Theory and evidence from enterprise-level energy efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  28. Zhang, Hui & Fahlevi, Mochammad & Aljuaid, Mohammed & Beşer, Nazife Özge & Cabas, Meral & lominchar, Jose, 2024. "A machine learning and quantile analysis of FINTECH and resource efficiency in achieving sustainable development in OECD countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  29. Liu, Xin & Xu, Hui, 2025. "Going green with digital media attention: Evidence from Chinese A-share listed companies’ environmental performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  30. Fan, Haichao & Guo, Guangyuan & Liu, Yu & Wang, Huanhuan, 2025. "Trade uncertainty, emission cap and firm pollution," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
  31. Huiling Liu & Heng Lei & Youcheng Zhou, 2022. "How Does Green Trade Affect the Environment? Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Analysis, Anser Press, vol. 1(1), pages 1-19, September.
  32. Lu, Angdi & Zhang, Jiang & Li, Jie, 2023. "The impact of export VAT rebate reduction on firms' pollution emissions: Evidence from Chinese enterprises," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  33. Fan, Haichao & Lin, Faqin & Lin, Shu, 2020. "The hidden cost of trade liberalization: Input tariff shocks and worker health in China," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  34. Cheng Haitao & Kato Hayato & Obashi Ayako, 2021. "Is Environmental Tax Harmonization Desirable in Global Value Chains?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(1), pages 379-416, January.
  35. Jevan M. Cherniwchan & M. Scott Taylor, 2022. "International Trade and the Environment: Three Remaining Empirical Challenges," NBER Working Papers 30020, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  36. J. Scott Holladay & Lawrence D. LaPlue, 2021. "Decomposing changes in establishment‐level emissions with entry and exit," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1046-1071, November.
  37. Huang, Geng & Lin, Xi & He, Ling-Yun, 2023. "Good for the environment? Foreign investment opening in service sector and firm's energy efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
  38. Teodoro Gallucci & Vesselina Dimitrova & Georgi Marinov, 2019. "Interrelation between Eco-Innovation and Intra-Industry Trade—A Proposal for a Proxy Indicator of Sustainability in the EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-13, November.
  39. Jevan Cherniwchan & Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2017. "Trade and the Environment: New Methods, Measurements, and Results," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 9(1), pages 59-85, September.
  40. Unfried, Kerstin & Wang, Feicheng, 2024. "Importing air pollution? Evidence from China’s plastic waste imports," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  41. Taipeng LI & Lorenzo Trimarchi & Rui XIE & Guohao YANG, 2023. "The Unintended Consequences of Trade Protection on the Environment," Working Papers ECARES 2023-16, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  42. Thais Nunez Rocha & Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Chahir Zaki, 2024. "What Type of Trade is Promoted by Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements?," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 156, pages 207-236.
  43. Hehua Zhao & Hongwen Chen & Ying Fang & Apei Song, 2022. "Transfer Characteristics of Embodied Carbon Emissions in Export Trade—Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, June.
  44. Barrows, Geoffrey & Ollivier, Hélène, 2021. "Foreign demand, developing country exports, and CO2 emissions: Firm-level evidence from India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  45. Matilde Bombardini & Bingjing Li, 2016. "Trade, Pollution and Mortality in China," NBER Working Papers 22804, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  46. He, Wenjian & Wang, Xiaodong & Miao, Miao, 2024. "Network infrastructure and corporate environmental performance: Empirical evidence from “Broadband China”," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
  47. Liu, Huiling & Zhang, Jianhua & Lei, Heng, 2022. "Do imported environmental goods reduce pollution intensity? The end use matters," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
  48. Klotz, Richard & Sharma, Rishi R., 2023. "Trade barriers and CO2," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  49. Weber, Pierre-François & Afota, Amandine & Boeckelmann, Lukas & De Gaye, Annabelle & Dieppe, Alistair & Faubert, Violaine & Grieco, Fabio & Le Roux, Julien & Meunier, Baptiste & Munteanu, Bogdan & Nob, 2025. "The intersection between climate transition policies and geoeconomic fragmentation," Occasional Paper Series 366, European Central Bank.
  50. Yang, Zhihao & Hong, Junjie, 2021. "Trade policy uncertainty and energy intensity: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  51. LaPlue, Lawrence D., 2019. "The environmental effects of trade within and across sectors," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 118-139.
  52. Clara Brandi & Federico Carri-Caccia, 2025. "Preventing pollution havens? Environmental Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment," Working Papers 202513, Center for Global Policy Analysis, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
  53. Sugata Marjit & Arijit Mukherjee, 2023. "Low tariff on dirty goods—Environmental negligence or environmental concern?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 1246-1270, September.
  54. Dolabella, Marcelo & Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio, 2022. "Fighting Global Warming: Is Trade Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean a Help or a Hindrance?," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12384, Inter-American Development Bank.
  55. Mengmeng Liu & Hao Wu & Haopeng Wang, 2023. "Will Trade Protection Trigger a Surge in Investment-Related CO 2 Emissions? Evidence from Multi-Regional Input–Output Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
  56. Ron H. Chan & Edward Manderson & Fan Zhang, 2022. "Indirect Energy Costs and Comparative Advantage," Economics Discussion Paper Series 2206, Economics, The University of Manchester.
  57. Lundberg,Clark Christopher & Szmurlo,Daniel Anthony & Abman,Ryan Michael, 2023. "Trade, Emissions, and Environmental Spillovers : Issue linkages in Regional Trade Agreements∗," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10319, The World Bank.
  58. Barrows, Geoffrey & Ollivier, Hélène, 2018. "Cleaner firms or cleaner products? How product mix shapes emission intensity from manufacturing," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 134-158.
  59. Jevan Cherniwchan & Nouri Najjar, 2021. "Free Trade and the Formation of Environmental Policy: Evidence from US Legislative Votes," Carleton Economic Papers 21-11, Carleton University, Department of Economics, revised 24 Feb 2022.
  60. Nie, Fei & Li, Jian & Bi, Xiang & Li, Gucheng, 2022. "Agricultural trade liberalization and domestic fertilizer use: Evidence from China-ASEAN free trade agreement," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  61. Rongping Chang & Bei Wang & Yan Zhang & Lingxue Zhao, 2022. "Foreign Direct Investment and Air Pollution: Re-Estimating the “Pollution Haven Hypothesis” in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
  62. Yujing Wang & Fu Ren & Ruoxin Zhu & Qingyun Du, 2020. "An Exploratory Analysis of Networked and Spatial Characteristics of International Natural Resource Trades (2000–2016)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-34, September.
  63. Wei, Hao & Zhou, Yaru, 2023. "The impact of international talent on environmental pollution: Firm-level evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  64. Shapiro, Joseph S. & Walker, Reed, 2015. "Why is Pollution from U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles of Trade, Regulation, Productivity, and Preferences," IZA Discussion Papers 8789, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  65. He, Ling-Yun & Huang, Geng, 2021. "How can export improve firms’ energy efficiency? The role of innovation investment," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 90-97.
  66. Francesco Vona & Giovanni Marin & Davide Consoli, 2019. "Measures, drivers and effects of green employment: evidence from US local labor markets, 2006–2014," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(5), pages 1021-1048.
  67. Mesagan, Ekundayo Peter & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2023. "Does natural resource rent and consumption interplay worsen Africa's pollution? Heterogeneous panel approach with cross-sectional dependence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  68. Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Badunenko, Oleg & Willox, Michael, 2025. "Corrigendum to “Do carbon taxes affect economic and environmental efficiency? The case of British Columbia's manufacturing plants” [Energy Economics Volume 115, November 2022, 106359]," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  69. Xu, Zhiwei & Wen, Qiang & Zhang, Teng, 2023. "Trade policy and air pollution: Evidence from the adjustment of the export tax rebate in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
  70. Feng, Qiyangfan & Wei, Hao, 2023. "Import competition and firm energy intensity: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 543-560.
  71. He, Ling-Yun & Huang, Geng, 2023. "Can importing improve the energy efficiency? Theory and evidence from Chinese industrial firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 451-469.
  72. Gaoju Yang & Yuexing Xie & Xianhai Huang & Hangyu Chen, 2024. "Exporters' environmental premium in a developing country: Firm‐level evidence from China," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 778-813, August.
  73. Akerman, Anders & Forslid, Rikard & Prane, Ossian, 2024. "Imports and the CO2 emissions of firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  74. Choi, Jaerim & Hyun, Jay & Kim, Gueyon & Park, Ziho, 2025. "The cleanup of US manufacturing through pollution offshoring," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  75. Boying Li & Yu Hao & Chun-Ping Chang, 2018. "Does an anticorruption campaign deteriorate environmental quality? Evidence from China," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(1), pages 67-94, February.
  76. Robin Sogalla & Joschka Wanner & Yuta Watabe, 2024. "New Trade Models, Same Old Emissions?," CESifo Working Paper Series 11596, CESifo.
  77. Richter, Philipp M. & Schiersch, Alexander, 2017. "CO2 emission intensity and exporting: Evidence from firm-level data," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 373-391.
  78. Geoffrey Barrows & Helene Ollivier, 2016. "Emission intensity and firm dynamics: reallocation, product mix, and technology in India," GRI Working Papers 245, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
  79. Tatjana Vukelić, 2023. "Black Awakening in Obama’s America: The End of an Illusion," European Journal of Social Sciences Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 6, ejss_v6_i.
  80. Zhao, Hong & Li, Yiying & Wang, Zengtao & Zhao, Runnan, 2024. "Trade liberalization, regional trade openness degree, and foreign direct investment:Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  81. Mesagan Ekundayo Peter & Omojolaibi Joseph Ayoola & Umar Dominic Ikoh, 2018. "Trade Intensity, Energy Consumption and Environment in Nigeria and South Africa," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 33-38, July.
  82. Liu, Xiaohan & Liu, Jianmin & Wu, Haitao & Hao, Yu, 2022. "Do tax reductions stimulate firm productivity? A quasi-natural experiment from China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).
  83. Sekhri, Sheetal, 2022. "Agricultural trade and depletion of groundwater," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
  84. Brandi, Clara, 2017. "Handel und Umweltschutz: Chancen und Risiken," IDOS Discussion Papers 22/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
  85. He, Ling-Yun & Huang, Geng, 2022. "Are China's trade interests overestimated? Evidence from firms’ importing behavior and pollution emissions," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  86. Yu Xiang & Jing Zheng & Xunhua Tu, 2022. "The Impact of Intermediate Goods Imports on Energy Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-23, October.
  87. Hexian Wang & Wei Liu & Mengyuan Zhu & Qing Wang, 2018. "Embrace or Not? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Globalization on the Country’s Sustainability in the Case of NAFTA," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, September.
  88. Xinxing Liu & Xinheng Liu & Lei Li & Rong Xu & Qi Ban & Rui Xu, 2024. "Has Trade Liberalization Promoted Energy Efficiency in Enterprises?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-21, November.
  89. Marta Bengoa & Somya Mathur & Badri Narayanan & Hanna C. Norberg, 2021. "Environmental Effects of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement: A Computable General Equilibrium Model Approach," Journal of African Trade, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 36-48, December.
  90. Li, Guangqin & Zhang, Xi, 2023. "Does GVC embedding reduce carbon emissions? Empirical evidence from 218 Chinese cities," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 253-263.
  91. Suárez-Varela, Marta & Rodríguez-Crespo, Ernesto, 2022. "Is dirty trade concentrating in more polluting countries? Evidence from Africa," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 728-744.
  92. Xi, Yanle & Zhang, Liang & Zhou, Yuxin & Wu, Lamei, 2024. "Trade policy uncertainty and firm-level pollution emissions: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  93. Cole, Matthew A. & Elliott, Robert J.R. & Okubo, Toshihiro & Zhang, Liyun, 2021. "Importing, outsourcing and pollution offshoring," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  94. Lianying Hong & Xujun Liu & Bei Liu & Kewei Cao & Qiu Xia, 2025. "The impact of reducing trade barriers on enterprises' pollution emissions: Evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(4), pages 2190-2205, June.
  95. Francesco Amodio & Leonardo Baccini & Giorgio Chiovelli & Michele Di Maio, 2025. "Weather shocks affect trade policy: Evidence from preferential trade agreements," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 107(2), pages 696-717, March.
  96. Tian, Hui & Cheng, Chaoyin, 2024. "International trade and biodiversity: Is export a species killer?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
  97. Harrison Fell & Daniel T. Kaffine & Kevin Novan, 2021. "Emissions, Transmission, and the Environmental Value of Renewable Energy," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 13(2), pages 241-272, May.
  98. Gao, Yuning & Yu, Anqi & Jiang, Jiatong & Pei, Jiansuo, 2024. "Will global value chain participation reduce environmental emissions? Evidence from Chinese firm-level data," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 512-526.
  99. Rottner, Elisa, 2023. "Do climate policies lead to outsourcing? Evidence from firm-level imports," ZEW Discussion Papers 23-070, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  100. Tao Song, 2024. "Pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis and water pollution in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
  101. Geoffrey Barrows & Helene Ollivier, 2018. "Foreign Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Empirical Evidence with Implications for Leakage," Working Papers 2018.16, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
  102. Jakob Lehr, 2023. "Import Competition and Firm-Level CO2 Emissions: Evidence from the German Manufacturing Industry," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_488, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
  103. Wu, Huaqing & Wang, Ling & Peng, Fei, 2024. "Land price regulation and firms' global value chain position: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  104. Wang, Shufei & Ma, Xinyu & Zhang, Xiang & Kang, Meiling, 2024. "Can foreign demand shocks reduce the pollution emission intensity? Evidence from exporters in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
  105. Shangguan, Yiwen & Feng, Qiyangfan, 2024. "Environmental bonuses of employment protection: Evidence from labor contract law in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  106. Thais NUNEZ-ROCHA & Inmaculada MARTíNEZ-ZARZOSO & Chahir ZAKI, 2022. "What type of trade is promoted by environmental regulations?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2988, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
  107. Artuc, Erhan & Sommer, Konstantin Heinrich Ludwig, 2024. "Trade, Outsourcing, and the Environment," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10665, The World Bank.
  108. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2017. "Environmental and resource economics: A Canadian retrospective," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(5), pages 1381-1413, December.
  109. Ling-Yun He & Liang Wang, 2019. "Import Liberalization of Intermediates and Environment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, May.
  110. Bretschger, Lucas, 2021. "Getting the Costs of Environmental Protection Right: Why Climate Policy Is Inexpensive in the End," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  111. Huang, Geng & Lin, Xi & He, Ling-Yun, 2025. "Global value chains participation and pollution emissions? Theory and evidence from Chinese enterprises," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
  112. Ekundayo Peter Mesagan, 2022. "Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Case of Production and Consumption Activities," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 2840-2867, December.
  113. Kwon, Ohyun & Zhao, Hao & Zhao, Min Qiang, 2023. "Global firms and emissions: Investigating the dual channels of emissions abatement," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
  114. Bartosz Jóźwik & Phouphet Kyophilavong & Aruna Kumar Dash & Antonina Viktoria Gavryshkiv, 2022. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in South Asian Countries: The Role of Energy Consumption and Trade Openness," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
  115. Doyoung Park & William Ridley, 2025. "How do exchange rates affect environmental quality?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(1), pages 356-384, February.
  116. Shuhong Wang & Yuqing He & Hanxue Chen, 2023. "Can raising trade barriers curb industrial pollution emissions?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(7), pages 2454-2477, November.
  117. Yuping Deng & Yanrui Wu & Helian Xu, 2022. "Emission Reduction and Value-added Export Nexus at Firm Level," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 22-19, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
  118. Choi, Jaerim & Hyun, Jay & Kim, Gueyon & Park, Ziho, 2023. "Trade Policy Uncertainty, Offshoring, and the Environment: Evidence from US Manufacturing Establishments," IZA Discussion Papers 15919, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  119. Xia, Yan & Kong, Yishu & Ji, Qiang & Zhang, Dayong, 2019. "Impacts of China-US trade conflicts on the energy sector," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  120. Liu, Xueyue & Liu, Yu & Zhao, Ruili, 2023. "Import competition and energy efficiency: Firms' responses to the WTO accession in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 670-690.
  121. Yue Hua & Yue Lu & Ruili Zhao, 2022. "Global value chain engagement and air pollution: Evidence from Chinese firms," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 708-727, July.
  122. Gutiérrez, Emilio & Teshima, Kensuke, 2018. "Abatement expenditures, technology choice, and environmental performance: Evidence from firm responses to import competition in Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 264-274.
  123. Zhang, Jingxue & Yu, Shiwei & Zhang, Yue-Jun & Su, Bin & Sun, Ya-Fang, 2025. "How do renewable energy policies affect energy green development? Evidence from Chinese listed energy firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  124. Huang, Geng & He, Ling-Yun & Lin, Xi, 2022. "Robot adoption and energy performance: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
  125. Huang, Geng & He, Ling-Yun & Lin, Xi, 2023. "Deterioration or improvement? Intermediate product import and enterprises' environmental performance," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 139-150.
  126. Jakob Lehr, 2025. "Import competition and firm‐level CO 2 emissions: Evidence from the German manufacturing industry," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(2), pages 747-770, May.
  127. Zhang, Renjie & Zhu, Guiyi, 2024. "Green public procurement and firms' pollution emissions: Does demand-side environmental policy matter?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 1958-1978.
  128. Konstantin Sommer & Henri L.F. de Groot & Franc Klaassen, 2022. "The effects of market integration on pollution: an analysis of EU enlargements," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-039/VI, Tinbergen Institute, revised 21 Mar 2023.
  129. Robin Sogalla & Joschka Wanner & Yuta Watabe, 2024. "New Trade Models, Same Old Emissions?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2077, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  130. Yuping Deng & Yanrui Wu & Helian Xu, 2023. "Emission reduction and value‐added export nexus at firm level," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(6), pages 1670-1710, June.
  131. Liu, Mengdi & Zhang, Bing & Liao, Xianchun, 2022. "Can trade liberalization promote green production? Evidence from China's manufacturing enterprises," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  132. Xu, Rui & Zhang, Hao & Han, Minghui & Yang, Leo Yang, 2025. "Robot adoption and corporate pollution emissions: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  133. Hongcheng Shen & Yi Liu, 2022. "Can Circular Economy Legislation Promote Pollution Reduction? Evidence from Urban Mining Pilot Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
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