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Searching for Carbon Leaks in Multinational Companies

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Bremer, Leon & Sommer, Konstantin, 2025. "Economic performance and investments under emissions trading: Untangling the effects of a staggered regulation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  2. Imran, Muhammad & Shah, Syed Tahir Hussain & Asif, Muhammad & Ahmad, Ishfaq & Zaman, Khalid, 2025. "Asymmetric impacts of outward foreign investment flows and green energy demand on global carbon emissions: evidence from the world's top five emitters," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 4(5).
  3. Aliénor Cameron & Marc Baudry, 2023. "The case for carbon leakage and border adjustments: where do economists stand?," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 25(3), pages 435-469, July.
  4. Naegele, Helene & Zaklan, Aleksandar, 2019. "Does the EU ETS cause carbon leakage in European manufacturing?," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 93, pages 125-147.
  5. Murray-Leclair, Emmanuel, 2026. "Asymmetric environmental regulation, interfuel substitution and carbon leakage," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  6. Woerdman Edwin & Nentjes Andries, 2019. "Emissions Trading Hybrids: The Case of the EU ETS," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-32, March.
  7. Stefano F. Verde & Christoph Graf & Thijs Jong and Claudio Marcantonini, 2016. "Installation entries and exits in the EU ETS industrial sector," RSCAS Working Papers 2016/19, European University Institute.
  8. Guanyu Lu & Taisuke Sadayuki & Toshi H Arimura, 2023. "Does Emissions Trading Scheme Induce Innovation and Carbon Leakage? Evidence from Japan," Working Papers 2217, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
  9. Shi, Mengjie & Zhang, Yupu & Meinerding, Christoph, 2025. "The impact of climate policies on financial markets: Evidence from the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism," Discussion Papers 14/2025, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  10. Claire Gavard & Lukas Diethelm, 2025. "Lessons from the EU Effort Sharing Decision for Supranational Climate Cooperation: A Firm-Level Analysis," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 88(12), pages 3661-3688, December.
  11. Benedikt Downar & Jürgen Ernstberger & Stefan Reichelstein & Sebastian Schwenen & Aleksandar Zaklan, 2021. "The impact of carbon disclosure mandates on emissions and financial operating performance," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1137-1175, September.
  12. Li, Yue & Zhao, Jing, 2026. "The effectiveness of carbon emission trading system: Evidence from China's regional markets," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
  13. Wanner,Joschka & WATABE,Yuta, 2025. "Multinational Production, Trade, and Carbon Emissions," IDE Discussion Papers 965, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
  14. Carattini, Stefano & Kim, Giseong & Melkadze, Givi & Pommeret, Aude, 2024. "Carbon taxes and tariffs, financial frictions, and international spillovers," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  15. Filippo Maria D'Arcangelo & Marzio Galeotti, 2022. "Environmental Policy and Investment Location: The Risk of Carbon Leakage in the EU ETS," Working Papers 2022.27, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
  16. Ara Jo & Sébastien Houde, 2026. "The Survival of the Energy-Fittest: Evidence from French Manufacturing Firms," CESifo Working Paper Series 12695, CESifo.
  17. Damien Dussaux & Francesco Vona & Antoine Dechezleprêtre, 2020. "Carbon Offshoring: Evidence from French Manufacturing Companies," Working Papers hal-03403069, HAL.
  18. N'Gatta, Donald & Ormazabal, Gaizka & Raney, Robert, 2025. "Trading of emission allowances and reporting incentives," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2).
  19. Weiming Lin & Jianling Chen & Jianbang Gan & Yongwu Dai, 2022. "Do Firms That Are Disadvantaged by Unilateral Climate Policy Receive Compensation? Evidence from China’s Energy-Saving Quota Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
  20. Beck, Anne Helene & Pedraza, Alvaro, 2026. "Deep and Shallow Decarbonization in Supply Chains," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11306, The World Bank.
  21. Fabio Antoniou & Panos Hatzipanayotou & Nikos Tsakiris, 2024. "Regulatory Stringency and Emission Leakage Mitigation," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 87(6), pages 1407-1424, June.
  22. He, Ling-Yun & Chen, Kun-Xian, 2023. "Does China's regional emission trading scheme lead to carbon leakage? Evidence from conglomerates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  23. Spiritus, Kevin & Lehmann, Etienne & Renes, Sander & Zoutman, Floris T., 2025. "Optimal taxation with multiple incomes and types," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 20(2), May.
  24. Maria-Eugenia Sanin & Sylvain Sourisseau, 2019. "Pervasive EUAs free allocation: the case of the steel industry," Documents de recherche 19-06, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
  25. Ambec, Stefan & Esposito, Federico & Pacelli, Antonia, 2024. "The economics of carbon leakage mitigation policies," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  26. Xing, Qingsong & Yan, Yanlin & Deng, Fumin & Wang, Peng, 2025. "Regulatory game model of carbon leakage collusion: Prospect theory and verification agency dynamics," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  27. Mortha, Aline & Arimura, Toshi H. & Takeda, Shiro & Steubing, Bernhard R.P. & Chesnokova, Tatyana, 2025. "Industrial relocation or shorter shipping routes? Examining the impact of the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism on global emissions using structural gravity," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1708-1741.
  28. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/7j6trda2ip9uja53ghj5qo32rg is not listed on IDEAS
  29. Böning, Justus & Di Nino, Virginia & Folger, Till, 2023. "Benefits and costs of the ETS in the EU, a lesson learned for the CBAM design," Working Paper Series 2764, European Central Bank.
  30. JunYun Kim, 2025. "ESG and Carbon Leakage: How Cap‐and‐Trade Regulations Influence Firms' Emission Allocation Strategies," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(6), pages 8562-8576, November.
  31. Bolz, Simon J. & Naumann, Fabrice & Richter, Philipp M., 2026. "Unilateral environmental policy and offshoring," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  32. Trinks, Arjan & Hille, Erik, 2026. "Carbon costs and industrial firm performance: Evidence from international microdata," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  33. D'Arcangelo, Maria Filippo & Galeotti, Marzio, "undated". "Environmental Policy and Investment Location: The Risk of Carbon Leakage in the EU ETS," FEEM Working Papers 327158, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
  34. D'Arcangelo, Filippo Maria & Galeotti, Marzio, 2025. "Environmental policy and investment location: The risk of carbon leakage in the EU ETS," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
  35. Franklin Allen & Adelina Barbalau & Erik Chavez & Federica Zeni, 2025. "Leveraging the capabilities of multinational firms to address climate change: a finance perspective," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 56(4), pages 461-480, June.
  36. Estelle Cantillon & Aurélie Slechten, 2024. "Market Design for the Environment," NBER Chapters, in: New Directions in Market Design, pages 31-63, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  37. Im, Hyesu & Kim, Young-Han, 2025. "How do developmental stages influence the effectiveness of carbon taxes and emissions trading systems?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 1433-1452.
  38. Pan, Xian & Yu, Lihong, 2024. "Do China's pilot emissions trading schemes lead to domestic carbon leakage? Perspective from the firm relocation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
  39. Lester, Rebecca & Olbert, Marcel, 2025. "Firms’ real and reporting responses to taxation: A review," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2).
  40. Masciandaro, Carlotta & Kesina, Michaela & Mulder, Machiel, 2026. "Mitigating carbon leakage under the EU ETS: How does State Aid for Indirect Emission Costs affect firm profits?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  41. Fadinger, Harald & Gerster, Andreas & Sauré, Philip & Wanner, Joschka, 2026. "Verlagerung von CO2-Emissionen durch EU-Klimapolitik? Ein Überblick," Kiel Policy Briefs 209, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  42. Kurz, Antonia & Rubínová, Stela, 2024. "Trade effects of carbon pricing policies," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2024-08, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
  43. Aleksandar Zaklan, 2023. "Coase and Cap-and-Trade: Evidence on the Independence Property from the European Carbon Market," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 526-558, May.
  44. Pan, Xian & Yu, Lihong & Chen, Chen, 2025. "Do carbon markets induce suppliers’ green innovation through backward linkages?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1981-2005.
  45. Ferguson, Shon & Heijmans, Roweno J.R.K., 2023. "Climate Policy and Trade in Polluting Technologies," Working Paper Series 1470, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
  46. Kuusi, Tero & Wang, Maria, 2022. "Trade Flows, Carbon Leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System," ETLA Working Papers 94, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
  47. Saussay, Aurélien & Zugravu-Soilita, Natalia, 2023. "International production chains and the pollution offshoring hypothesis: An empirical investigation," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  48. Wang, Maria & Kuusi, Tero, 2024. "Trade flows, carbon leakage, and the EU Emissions Trading System," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  49. Aleksandar Zaklan, 2020. "Coase and Cap-and-Trade: Evidence on the Independence Property from the European Electricity Sector," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1850, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  50. Miklin, Xenia & Neier, Thomas & Sturn, Simon & Zwickl, Klara, 2025. "Carbon Giants: Exploring the Top 100 Industrial CO2 Emitters in the EU," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  51. Ken Cheng & Tianli Chi, 2026. "The Unintended Consequences of Environmental Regulation on the Environment: Evidence from Within-Conglomerate Pollution Reallocation," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 89(4), pages 1-29, April.
  52. Svetlana V. Doroshenko & Anna D. Mingaleva, 2020. "Carbon Exchanges: European Experience in Developing the Mechanism of Emission Permit Trading," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 4, pages 52-68, August.
  53. Sadayuki, Taisuke & Arimura, Toshi H., 2021. "Do regional emission trading schemes lead to carbon leakage within firms? Evidence from Japan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  54. Kraynak,Daniel Christopher & Timilsina,Govinda R. & Alberini,Anna, 2024. "The Effect of Pricing Instruments on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Australia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10812, The World Bank.
  55. Christoph Böhringer & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Halvor Briseid Storrøsten, 2025. "Measures Against Carbon Leakage: Combining Output-Based Allocation with Consumption Taxes," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 12(6), pages 1601-1634.
  56. Koutchogna Kokou Edem Assogbavi & Stéphane Dées, 2023. "Environmental Policy and the CO2 Emissions Embodied in International Trade," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 84(2), pages 507-527, February.
  57. Fourné, Marius, 2025. "Cross-border transmission of climate policies through global production networks," IWH Discussion Papers 19/2025, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
  58. Deng, Hongbin & Ni, Xiaoran, 2025. "Low-carbon transformation and risk Transferring: Evidence from subsidiaries of listed firms in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  59. Misch, Florian & Wingender, Philippe, 2024. "Revisiting carbon leakage," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
  60. Viput Ongsakul & Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard & Pornsit Jiraporn & Sang Mook Lee, 2025. "Climate Change, Innovation Efficiency, and Shareholder Wealth: Insights From the Paris Agreement," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(5), pages 6304-6324, July.
  61. repec:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_495 is not listed on IDEAS
  62. İbrahim Özmen & Mihai Mutascu, 2025. "Don’t look earth: environmental taxes effect on Co2 emissions, evidence from moments quantile regression for EU countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 4619-4658, February.
  63. Chang Liu & Jingrong Wang & David M Reiner, 2025. "Evidence of firm-level pollution leakage resulting from clean air policy in China," Working Papers EPRG2511, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
  64. Liu, C. & Wang, J & Reiner, D. M., 2025. "Evidence of Firm-level Pollution Leakage resulting from Clean Air Policy in China," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2533, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  65. Lassi Ahlvik & Matti Liski, 2019. "Think global, act local! A mechanism for global commons and mobile firms," CESifo Working Paper Series 7597, CESifo.
  66. Till Köveker & Robin Sogalla, 2026. "Mitigation versus Competitiveness? Industry Compensation in the European Union Emissions Trading System," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2025_756, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
  67. Driss, Hamdi & Drobetz, Wolfgang & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane, 2024. "The Sustainability committee and environmental disclosure: International evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 602-625.
  68. Diego R. Känzig & Maximilian Konradt, 2024. "Climate Policy and the Economy: Evidence from Europe’s Carbon Pricing Initiatives," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 72(3), pages 1081-1124, September.
  69. Damien Dussaux & Francesco Vona & Antoine Dechezleprêtre, 2023. "Imported carbon emissions: Evidence from French manufacturing companies," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(2), pages 593-621, May.
  70. repec:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_495v2 is not listed on IDEAS
  71. Francois Cohen & Giulia Valacchi, 2017. "Do firms innovate if they can relocate? Evidence from te steel industry," CIES Research Paper series 55-2017, Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute.
  72. Gavarda, Claire & Diethelm, Lukas, 2022. "Lessons from the EU effort sharing decision for supranational climate cooperation: A firm-level analysis," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-042, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  73. Wei, Feng & Xie, Huixuan & Yip, Chi Man, 2026. "Environmental regulatory spillovers in conglomerates: Quasi-experimental evidence on subsidiary leverage in China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  74. Chen, Yajie & Zhang, Dayong & Guo, Kun & Ji, Qiang, 2024. "Emission trading schemes and cross-border mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  75. Rizwan Mushtaq & Ghulam Murtaza & Dorra Yahiaoui & Pereira Vijay & Qurat-ul-Ain Talpur, 2025. "Are born global firms environmentally more responsible? Evidence from the East Asia and Pacific region," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 1061-1093, June.
  76. Francois Cohen & Giulia Valacchi, 2022. "The Heterogeneous Impact of Coal Prices on the Location of Cleaner and Dirtier Steel Plants," The Energy Journal, , vol. 43(2), pages 67-90, March.
  77. Till Köveker & Robin Sogalla, 2025. "Mitigation versus Competitiveness? Industry Compensation in the European Union Emissions Trading System," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2133, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  78. Liu, Yinan & Lv, Peiyao & Zhao, Hao, 2024. "Green innovation through trade: The impact of European Union emissions trading scheme on Chinese exporters," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  79. Antonia Kurz & Stela Rubínová, 2025. "Trade Effects of Direct and Indirect Carbon Pricing Policies," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2121, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  80. Fageda, Xavier & Oesingmann, Katrin, 2025. "Intercontinental air travel in the era of carbon pricing: demand and hub shifts," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  81. Francois Cohen & Giulia Valacchi, 2017. "The Heterogeneous Impact of Coal Prices on the Location of Dirty and Clean Steel Plants," CIES Research Paper series 55-2017, Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute.
  82. Campolmi, Alessia & Fadinger, Harald & Forlati, Chiara & Stillger, Sabine & Wagner, Ulrich, 2023. "Designing Effective Carbon Border Adjustment with Minimal Information Requirements. Theory and Empirics," CEPR Discussion Papers 18645, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  83. Huangyue Chen & Yang Zhao, 2025. "Major overseas customers and corporate decoupling of environmental responsibility: Evidence from China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 351-379, January.
  84. Tovar Reaños, Miguel A. & Yakut, Aykut Mert & de Bruin, Kelly & Meier, David, 2025. "Green fiscal policies to reduce the environmental impact of consumption through a non-regressive carbon tax," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 639-660.
  85. Rea os, Miguel Tovar & De Bruin, Kelly & Meier, David & Yakut, Aykut Mert, 2022. "Economic and Distributional Impacts of turning the Value-Added Tax into a Carbon Tax," Papers WP739, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
  86. Christoph Böhringer & Knut Einar Rosendahl, 2026. "Understanding Carbon Leakage," CESifo Working Paper Series 12437, CESifo.
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