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Verlagerung von CO2-Emissionen durch EU-Klimapolitik? Ein Überblick

Author

Listed:
  • Fadinger, Harald
  • Gerster, Andreas
  • Sauré, Philip
  • Wanner, Joschka

Abstract

Emissionsverlagerung (Leakage) ist real, aber begrenzt: Studien zeigen, dass etwa 10-30 % der durch EU-Klimapolitik eingesparten Emissionen ins Ausland verlagert werden. Der Großteil der Emissionsreduktionen bleibt jedoch global wirksam, sodass die Politik insgesamt effektiv ist. • Kaum Evidenz für ein "Grünes Paradoxon": Die Befürchtung, dass Klimapolitik zu einem vorgezogenen Anstieg von Emissionen führt, wird empirisch nicht bestätigt. Stattdessen reagieren Unternehmen oft mit geringeren Investitionen in fossile Energien, was Emissionen eher senkt. • EU setzt Instrumente gegen Wettbewerbsnachteile ein: Dazu gehören kostenlose Emissionszertifikate sowie der CO₂-Grenzausgleich (CBAM), der Importe entsprechend ihrer Emissionen bepreist. Ziel ist es, Leakage zu reduzieren und gleiche Wettbewerbsbedingungen zu schaffen. • Wirksamkeit der Instrumente hängt stark vom Design ab: Der aktuelle CBAM erfasst nur wenige Sektoren und hat daher begrenzte Wirkung auf globale Emissionen. Eine Ausweitung auf mehr Sektoren könnte die Emissionsreduktion deutlich erhöhen. • Klimapolitik bringt zusätzliche Vorteile: Neben Emissionsreduktionen fördert sie Innovationen, verbessert die Luftqualität und stärkt Energie- sowie geopolitische Unabhängigkeit. Diese positiven Nebeneffekte erhöhen den Gesamtnutzen der Maßnahmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Fadinger, Harald & Gerster, Andreas & Sauré, Philip & Wanner, Joschka, 2026. "Verlagerung von CO2-Emissionen durch EU-Klimapolitik? Ein Überblick," Kiel Policy Briefs 209, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:340033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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