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Auswirkungen von ausgaben- und einnahmenseitigen Konsolidierungen

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  • Berger, Johannes
  • Graf, Nikolaus
  • Strohner, Ludwig
  • Schuh, Ulrich

Abstract

Im Gefolge der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise sind die öffentlichen Schuldenstände deutlich gestiegen, sodass die Konsolidierung der öffentlichen Haushalte die Wirtschaftspolitik wesentlich prägt. Vor diesem Hintergrund fasst das vorliegende Research Paper die ökonomische Literatur über den makroökonomischen Einfluss von ausgaben- bzw. einnahmenorientierten Konsolidierungsmaßnahmen zusammen. Empirische Studien zeigen, dass vorwiegend ausgabenorientierte Konsolidierungspakete mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit eine nachhaltige Verbesserung der öffentlichen Finanzen bewirken als vorwiegend einnahmenorientierte. Untersuchungen zu Ausgaben- bzw. Einnahmenmultiplikatoren legen den Schluss nahe, dass eine Reduktion der öffentlichen Ausgaben das Wachstum kurzfristig stärker dämpft als eine Erhöhung der Einnahmen. Dieser Befund ist jedoch wesentlich von den Auswirkungen von Konsolidierungen in rezessiven Phasen getrieben, während die Unterschiede bei besserer Konjunktur deutlich geringer sind. Die vorhandenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten unterstreichen, dass sich durch wohldosierte und -gestaltete Konsolidierungspakete verhältnismäßig geringe kurzfristige Wachstumseinbußen mit überwiegend positiven mittel- und langfristigen volkswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen verbinden lassen. Gemäß dieser Literatur sollten Konsolidierungen über geringere öffentliche Investitionen bzw. höhere Körperschaftsteuern, aber auch Konsolidierungen über Einkommensteuern, vermieden werden, während Konsolidierungen über Transferleistungen, öffentlichen Konsum bzw. höhere Konsumsteuern mittel- und langfristig am wachstumsfreundlichsten sind. Diese Ergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass in Erwartung einer Erholung der Konjunkturlage in den nächsten Jahren der Schwerpunkt der Konsolidierung auf der Ausgabenseite liegen sollte.

Suggested Citation

  • Berger, Johannes & Graf, Nikolaus & Strohner, Ludwig & Schuh, Ulrich, 2014. "Auswirkungen von ausgaben- und einnahmenseitigen Konsolidierungen," Research Papers 2, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoarp:2
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