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Credit Mismatch and Breakdown

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Abstract

This paper studies the phenomenon of mismatch in a decentralized credit market where borrowers and lenders must engage in costly search to establish credit relationships. Our dynamic general equilibrium framework integrates incentive based informational frictions with a matching process highlighted by (i) borrowers endogenous market entry and exit decision (entry frictions) and (ii) time and resource costs necessary to locate credit opportunities (search frictions). A key feature of the incentive compatible loan contract negotiated between borrowers and lenders is the interaction of informational frictions (in the form of moral hazard) with entry and search frictions. We find that the removal of entry barriers can eliminate information-based equilibrium credit rationing. More generally, entry and incentive frictions are important in understanding the extent of credit rationing, while entry and search frictions are important for understanding credit market breakdown.

Suggested Citation

  • Zsolt Becsi & Victor E. Li & Ping Wang, 2009. "Credit Mismatch and Breakdown," Villanova School of Business Department of Economics and Statistics Working Paper Series 7, Villanova School of Business Department of Economics and Statistics.
    • Handle: RePEc:vil:papers:7
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    File URL: http://repec.library.villanova.edu/workingpapers/VSBEcon7.pdf
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    2. Ding, Jiantao & Yin, Yingkai & Kuang, Jinsong & Ding, Dezhi & Madsen, Dag.Øivind & Yang, Kunyu, 2024. "The impact of enterprise digital transformation on financial mismatch: Empirical evidence from listed companies in China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    3. Wen, Jing & Zhang, Xin & Wang, Lizhen, 2025. "Unexpected discrimination: Does directors’ and officers’ liability insurance exacerbate credit mismatch?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Emanuele Ciola & EDOARDO GAFFEO & Mauro Gallegati, 2018. "Matching frictions, credit reallocation and macroeconomic activity: how harmful are financial crises?," DEM Working Papers 2018/05, Department of Economics and Management.
    5. Nakashima, Kiyotaka & Takahashi, Koji, 2018. "The real effects of bank-driven termination of relationships: Evidence from loan-level matched data," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 46-65.
    6. Emanuele Ciola & Edoardo Gaffeo & Mauro Gallegati, 2021. "Search for Profits and Business Fluctuations: How Banks' Behaviour Explain Cycles?," Working Papers 450, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    7. Brand, Thomas & Isoré, Marlène & Tripier, Fabien, 2019. "Uncertainty shocks and firm creation: Search and monitoring in the credit market," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 19-53.
    8. Hachem, Kinda, 2021. "Inefficiently low screening with Walrasian markets," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 935-948.
    9. Ciola, Emanuele & Gaffeo, Edoardo & Gallegati, Mauro, 2022. "Search for profits and business fluctuations: How does banks’ behaviour explain cycles?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    10. Brand, Thomas & Isoré, Marlène & Tripier, Fabien, 2019. "Uncertainty shocks and firm creation: Search and monitoring in the credit market," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 19-53.
    11. Emanuele Ciola & Gabriele Tedeschi, 2021. "From interaction to business fluctuations: How credit network explains cycles," Working Papers 2021/01, Economics Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón (Spain).
    12. Fabien Tripier, 2014. "A Search-Theoretic Approach to Efficient Financial Intermediation," Working Papers 2014-18, CEPII research center.
    13. Zhang, Ailian & Zhao, Yuxin & Liu, Bai, 2026. "Bank fintech and corporate environmental information disclosure: The role of financial mismatch," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    14. Yunwei Li & Qiuping Ji & Zijie Wang & Zishan Xiong & Simeng Zhan & Yiping Yang & Yu Hao, 2022. "Green energy mismatch, industrial intelligence and economics growth: theory and empirical evidence from China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 11785-11816, October.
    15. Elizabeth Jane Casabianca & Alessia Lo Turco & Daniela Maggioni, 2021. "Migration And The Structure Of Manufacturing Production. A View From Italian Provinces," Working Papers 448, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    16. Shi, Chenchen & Xu, Lei & Li, Bin & Cao, Ruiqing, 2026. "Fintech business and shadow banking practices," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C78 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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