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Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters

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  • Takayama, Yuki
  • Kuwahara, Masao

Abstract

This study examines effects of bottleneck congestion and an optimal time-varying congestion toll on the spatial structure of cities. To this end, we develop a model in which heterogeneous commuters choose departure times from home and residential locations in a monocentric city with a bottleneck located between a central downtown and an adjacent suburb. We then show three properties of our model by analyzing equilibrium with and without congestion tolling. First, commuters with a higher value of travel time choose to live closer to their workplace. Second, congestion tolling causes population to increase in the suburb and generates urban sprawl. Third, commuters with a higher (lower) value of travel time gain (lose) from imposing the congestion toll without toll-revenue redistribution. Our findings are opposite to the standard results of traditional location models, which consider static traffic flow congestion, and differ fundamentally from the results obtained by Arnott (1998), who considers homogeneous commuters.

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  • Takayama, Yuki & Kuwahara, Masao, 2016. "Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters," MPRA Paper 68940, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:68940
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    Cited by:

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    2. Takayama, Yuki & Kuwahara, Masao, 2017. "Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 65-79.
    3. Joto, Keigo & Konagane, Joji & Kono, Tatsuhito & Kuwahara, Masao, 2020. "Optimal Location-dependent Pricing Policies on Railways and Roads in a Continuous City," MPRA Paper 100446, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Akamatsu, Takashi & Wada, Kentaro & Iryo, Takamasa & Hayashi, Shunsuke, 2021. "A new look at departure time choice equilibrium models with heterogeneous users," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 152-182.
    5. Pons-Rigat, Aleix & Proost, Stef & Turró, Mateu, 2020. "Workplace parking policies in an agglomeration: An illustration for Barcelona," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    6. Dantsuji, Takao & Takayama, Yuki & Fukuda, Daisuke, 2023. "Perimeter control in a mixed bimodal bathtub model," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 267-291.
    7. De Borger, Bruno & Russo, Antonio, 2018. "The political economy of cordon tolls," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 133-148.
    8. Konagane, Joji & Kono, Tatsuhito, 2021. "Heterogeneous Households’ Choices of Departure Time and Residential Location in a Multiple-origin Single-destination Rail System: Market Equilibrium and the First-best Solution," MPRA Paper 108507, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Osawa, Minoru & Fu, Haoran & Akamatsu, Takashi, 2018. "First-best dynamic assignment of commuters with endogenous heterogeneities in a corridor network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 811-831.
    10. Fu, Xinying & van den Berg, Vincent A.C. & Verhoef, Erik T., 2018. "Private road supply in networks with heterogeneous users," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 430-443.
    11. Yu, Xiaojuan & van den Berg, Vincent A.C. & Verhoef, Erik T., 2019. "Carpooling with heterogeneous users in the bottleneck model," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 178-200.
    12. Chen, Zhi & Wu, Wen-Xiang & Huang, Hai-Jun & Shang, Hua-Yan, 2022. "Modeling traffic dynamics in periphery-downtown urban networks combining Vickrey's theory with Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: user equilibrium, system optimum, and cordon pricing," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 278-303.
    13. Kim, Jinwon, 2019. "Estimating the social cost of congestion using the bottleneck model," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Jonathan D. Hall, 2017. "Improving the fit of structural models of congestion," Working Papers tecipa-590, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    15. André de Palma & Zhi-Chun Li & De-Ping Yu, 2023. "An analytical model for residential location choices of heterogeneous households in a monocentric city with stochastic bottleneck congestion," THEMA Working Papers 2023-01, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
    16. Li, Zhi-Chun & Huang, Hai-Jun & Yang, Hai, 2020. "Fifty years of the bottleneck model: A bibliometric review and future research directions," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 311-342.
    17. You-Zhi Zeng & Bin Ran & Ning Zhang & Xiaobao Yang & Jia-Jun Shen & She-Jun Deng, 2018. "Optimal Pricing and Service for the Peak-Period Bus Commuting Inefficiency of Boarding Queuing Congestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, September.
    18. Xu, Shu-Xian & Liu, Tian-Liang & Huang, Hai-Jun & Wang, David Z.W., 2021. "Optimizing the number of employment subcenters to decentralize a congested city," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Haotian Zhong & Wei Li, 2023. "What if autonomous vehicles had been introduced into cities? A counterfactual analysis," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(16), pages 3198-3215, December.
    20. Fosgerau, Mogens & Kim, Jinwon, 2019. "Commuting and land use in a city with bottlenecks: Theory and evidence," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 182-204.
    21. Akamatsu, Takashi & Wada, Kentaro & Iryo, Takamasa & Hayashi, Shunsuke, 2018. "Departure time choice equilibrium and optimal transport problems," MPRA Paper 90361, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Takayama, Yuki, 2020. "Who gains and who loses from congestion pricing in a monocentric city with a bottleneck?," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    23. Takayama, Yuki, 2018. "Time-varying congestion tolling and urban spatial structure," MPRA Paper 89896, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bottleneck congestion; residential location; congestion toll; urban sprawl;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

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