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The neglected heterogeneity of spatial agglomeration and co-location patterns of creative employment: evidence from Portugal

Author

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  • Sara Santos Cruz

    (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto)

  • Aurora A.C. Teixeira

    (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto; INESC Porto; OBEGEF)

Abstract

Empirical literature on the geographic location of creative activities is mostly based on the spatial analysis of industries, disregarding the creative employment that lies outside the necessarily limited boundaries of creative industries. In this paper, we analyse agglomeration and co-location patterns of core creative activities by considering both ‘embedded’ (creative professionals working outside the creative sectors) and ‘specialized’ (creative professionals working in the creative sectors) creative employment. Using location quotients and principal component factor and cluster analyses, applied to all 308 Portuguese municipalities, for ten core creative groups, we found that the geographical agglomeration and co-location patterns of these core creative groups differ substantially. The typical arguments sustained by literature - the tendency of creative industries/ employment to agglomerate and co-locate in large metropolises - are only supported in the case of knowledge-intensive activities subjected to Intellectual Property Rights, most notably ‘Advertising/ Marketing’, ‘Publishing’, ‘TV/ Radio’, and ‘Software/ Digital Media’, densely concentrated and co-located in highly developed, large urban centres, with high levels of human capital. These arguments do not hold for the traditional creative activities of ‘Architecture’, ‘Design/ Visual Arts’ and ‘Crafts’, which, although co-located, appear mostly dispersed with small concentrations around intermediate urban centres. ‘Teaching/ training/ research’ present quite dispersed geographical patterns with some clusterization around municipalities with tertiary education institutions. ‘Film/ video/ photography’ and ‘Music/ Performing arts’ show some dispersion throughout the Portuguese territory with concentration around small urban centres and in rural areas. It is evident that, from agglomeration to co-location patterns, creative employment reveals heterogeneous characteristics across creative groups. Indeed, the results obtained show that the differentiated (co)location patterns of creative activities are mainly a regional phenomenon distinguishing regions within the same country, and not only an aspect differentiating countries in international comparisons.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Santos Cruz & Aurora A.C. Teixeira, 2013. "The neglected heterogeneity of spatial agglomeration and co-location patterns of creative employment: evidence from Portugal," FEP Working Papers 508, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    • Handle: RePEc:por:fepwps:508
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luciana Lazzeretti & Niccolò Innocenti & Francesco Capone, 2017. "The impact of related variety on the creative employment growth," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 58(3), pages 491-512, May.
    2. Eva Coll‐Martínez & Ana‐Isabel Moreno‐Monroy & Josep‐Maria Arauzo‐Carod, 2019. "Agglomeration of creative industries: An intra‐metropolitan analysis for Barcelona," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(1), pages 409-431, February.
    3. Arnold Csonka & Štefan Bojnec & Imre Fertő, 2021. "Spatial Transformation of the Pig Sector in Hungary and Slovenia: A Comparative Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Khlystova, Olena & Kalyuzhnova, Yelena & Belitski, Maksim, 2022. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the creative industries: A literature review and future research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1192-1210.
    5. Janc Krzysztof & Raczyk Andrzej & Dołzbłasz Sylwia, 2020. "Not Only in Cities: Creative Activities in Rural Areas with a Case Study of Lower Silesia," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 39(2), pages 97-112, June.
    6. Aurora A. C. Teixeira & Rosa Portela Forte, 2017. "Prior education and entrepreneurial intentions: the differential impact of a wide range of fields of study," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 353-394, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Spatial economics; industrial location; creative industries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R30 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - General

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