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Who Lives in the C-Suite? Organizational Structure and the Division of Labor in Top Management

Author

Listed:
  • Guadalupe, Maria

    (INSEAD)

  • Li, Hongyi

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Wulf, Julie M.

    (Harvard Business School)

Abstract

This paper shows that top management structures in large US firms radically changed since the mid-1980s. While the number of managers reporting directly to the CEO doubled, the growth was driven primarily by functional managers rather than general managers. Using panel data on senior management positions, we explore the relationship between changes in executive team composition, firm diversification, and IT investments – which arguably alter returns to exploiting synergies through corporate-wide coordination by functional managers in headquarters. We find that the number of functional managers closer to the product ("product" functions i.e., marketing, R&D) increase as firms focus their businesses, while the number of functional managers farther from the product ("administrative" functions i.e., finance, law, HR) increase with IT investments. Finally, we show that general manager pay decreases as functional managers join the executive team suggesting a shift in activities from general to functional managers – a phenomenon we term "functional centralization."

Suggested Citation

  • Guadalupe, Maria & Li, Hongyi & Wulf, Julie M., 2012. "Who Lives in the C-Suite? Organizational Structure and the Division of Labor in Top Management," IZA Discussion Papers 6635, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6635
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    communication; organizational design; functions; centralization; M-form; hierarchy; top management team; information technology; activities; diversification;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis

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