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Predistribution vs. Redistribution: Evidence from France and the U.S

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  • Antoine Bozio

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

  • Bertrand Garbinti

    (CREST-THEMA - CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, ENSAE - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique)

  • Jonathan Goupille-Lebret

    (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GATE - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENS LSH - Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon (Université de Lyon))

  • Malka Guillot

    (HEC Liège)

  • Thomas Piketty

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales)

Abstract

We construct series of post-tax income for France over the 1900-2018 period and compare them with U.S. series. We quantify the extent of redistribution and estimate the impact of redistribution vs pretax inequality on post-tax inequality. We obtain three major findings. First, redistribution has increased in both countries to reach similar levels today. Second, the long-run decline in post-tax inequality in France is due mostly to the fall in pretax inequality. Third, the relative lower post-tax inequality in France is entirely explained by differences in pretax inequality. This suggests that more attention should be paid to policies affecting pretax inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoine Bozio & Bertrand Garbinti & Jonathan Goupille-Lebret & Malka Guillot & Thomas Piketty, 2022. "Predistribution vs. Redistribution: Evidence from France and the U.S," Working Papers hal-03832233, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03832233
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    Cited by:

    1. Huet-Vaughn, Emiliano, 2023. "Minimum Wages and Voting: Assessing the Political Returns to Redistribution outside the Tax System," IZA Discussion Papers 16416, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Carole Bonnet & Bertrand Garbinti & Anne Solaz, 2022. "Does Part-Time Mothering Help Get a Job? The Role of Shared Custody in Women’s Employment," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 38(5), pages 885-913, December.
    3. Mariam Camarero & Gilles Dufrénot & Cecilio Tamarit, 2021. "How do inequalities affect the natural interest rate, and how do they impact monetary policy? Comparing Germany, Japan and the US," Working Papers halshs-03191667, HAL.
    4. Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez & Gabriel Zucman, 2022. "Twenty Years and Counting: Thoughts about Measuring the Upper Tail," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 20(1), pages 255-264, March.
    5. Aroop Chatterjee & Léo Czajka & Amory Gethin, 2021. "Can Redistribution Keep Up with Inequality? Evidence from South Africa, 1993-2019," PSE Working Papers halshs-03364039, HAL.
    6. François, Martin & Mertens de Wilmars, Sybille & Maréchal, Kevin, 2023. "Unlocking the potential of income and wealth caps in post-growth transformation: A framework for improving policy design," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    7. De Rosa, Mauricio & Flores, Ignacio & Morgan, Marc, 2022. "More Unequal or Not as Rich? Revisiting the Latin American Exception," SocArXiv akq89, Center for Open Science.
    8. Bruno Bises & Francesco Bloise & Antonio ScialÃ, 2021. "Functional income distribution, inequality and the effectiveness of fiscal redistribution: evidence from OECD countries," Public Finance Research Papers 49, Istituto di Economia e Finanza, DSGE, Sapienza University of Rome.
    9. Bruno Bises & Francesco Bloise & Antonio Scialà, 2024. "Labor share as an "automatic stabilizer" of income inequality," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 31(2), pages 511-532, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    inequality; redistribution; predistribution; taxes; transfers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H3 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
    • H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

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