Labour Share Developments in OECD Countries Over the Past Two Decades[Évolution de la part du travail dans les pays de l’OCDE au cours des deux dernières décennies]

Over the past two decades, real wage growth in many OECD countries has decoupled from labour productivity growth, as labour income shares have declined. This paper analyses the drivers of labour share developments using a combination of industry‑ and firm‑level data. Technological change in the investment goods‑producing sector and greater global value chain participation have compressed labour shares, but the effect of technological change has been significantly less pronounced for high‑skilled workers. Countries with falling labour shares have witnessed both a decline at the technological frontier and a reallocation of market shares toward "superstar" firms with low labour shares. The decline at the technological frontier mainly reflects the entry of firms with low labour shares into the frontier rather than a decline of labour shares in incumbent frontier firms, suggesting that thus far this process is mainly explained by technological dynamism rather than anti‑competitive forces.