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L'effet de la complexité économique sur la pollution de l'air : une autre approche de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets

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  • Myriam Ben Saad

    (PRISM Sorbonne - Pôle de recherche interdisciplinaire en sciences du management - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI Réflexions et Recherches (1997-2021) - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières)

Abstract

L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence, au-delà de l'effet du PIB par habitant, le rôle majeur de l'évolution des transformations structurelles sur le niveau de pollution de l'air (émissions de CO2/tête), en reprenant autrement le modèle de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets, estimé sur un échantillon de 133 pays de 1984 à 2014. L'influence des changements structurels sur la pollution est évaluée de manière originale par un indice de complexité économique. La diminution relative de la pollution à partir d'un certain seuil, particulièrement perceptible dans les pays à revenu élevé, résulte davantage d'une large transformation structurelle que du niveau de développement, même s'il peut exister un certain lien entre eux. Nous montrons que l'accroissement de la complexité économique permet plus rapidement d'atteindre le seuil de retournement du niveau de pollution que l'accroissement du PIB/tête. Ce résultat laisse apparaître que pour réduire la pollution, le mode de croissance et les spécialisations productives sont plus importants que la croissance elle-même et le niveau de développement économique atteint.

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  • Myriam Ben Saad, 2017. "L'effet de la complexité économique sur la pollution de l'air : une autre approche de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets," Post-Print hal-03426712, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03426712
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