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Crédito, Represión Financiera y Flujos de Capitales en Colombia 1974-2003

Author

Listed:
  • Leonardo Villar Gómez
  • David M. Salamanca Rojas
  • Andrés Murcia Pabón

Abstract

Este trabajo analiza los vínculos entre crédito doméstico, flujos externos de capital y regulación financiera en Colombia en el período comprendido entre 1974 y 2003. Para ese propósito se incluye una visión histórica sobre la evolución de las variables y se hacen análisis cuantitativos sobre los determinantes del grado de profundización financiera, utilizando métodos de descomposición contable y ejercicios econométricos sencillos. Se observa que los ciclos en el crédito doméstico al sector privado en Colombia han coincidido con ciclos en la misma dirección en los flujos externos de capital. Ese comportamiento procíclico del crédito ha sido reforzado además por la política de regulación financiera. Entre 1974 y 1991, la prociclicidad de la política surgió fundamentalmente del comportamiento de los coeficientes de encaje requerido. En el período más reciente, esos coeficientes se movieron en forma menos procíclica. Durante la crisis que se inició en 1998, incluso, la política de encajes fue abiertamente contracíclica. En esta última etapa, sin embargo, la introducción del impuesto a las transacciones financieras actuó en la dirección contraria y reforzó la caída en el crédito. El resultado neto es que el grado de profundización financiera en Colombia a finales de 2003 se ubicaba por debajo de los niveles que tenía en 1974. Esos niveles son extremadamente bajos en comparación con los de economías desarrolladas o con los de economías en desarrollo exitosas.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Villar Gómez & David M. Salamanca Rojas & Andrés Murcia Pabón, 2005. "Crédito, Represión Financiera y Flujos de Capitales en Colombia 1974-2003," Borradores de Economia 322, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:322
    DOI: 10.32468/be.322
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan David Prada Sarmiento, 2008. "Financial Intermediation and Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy," Borradores de Economia 5010, Banco de la Republica.
    2. Constanza Martínez Ventura, 2008. "The Effects of Financial Intermediation on Colombian Economic Growth," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 26(57), pages 250-280, December.
    3. Andrés J. García Bernal & José E. Gómez-González & Tatiana A. Mora-Arbeláez & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2015. "Una historia exhaustiva de la regulación financiera en Colombia: El caso del encaje bancario, derivados financieros y riesgos de crédito," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 45(2), pages 221-268, December.
    4. Esteban Gómez & Andrés Murcia Pabón & Nancy Zamudio Gómez, 2013. "Foreign Debt Flows and Domestic Credit: A Principal-Agent Approach," Temas de Estabilidad Financiera 075, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Andrés Murcia Pabón, 2007. "Determinantes del acceso al crédito de los hogares colombianos," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 25(55), pages 40-83, December.
    6. Leonardo Villar Gómez & David Salamanca Rojas, 2005. "Un Modelo Teórico Sobre Crédito, Represión Financiera Y Flujos De Capital," Borradores de Economia 3688, Banco de la Republica.
    7. Leonardo Villar Gómez & David M. Salamanca Rojas, 2005. "Un modelo teórico sobre crédito, represión financiera y flujos de capital," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 23(48), pages 184-233, June.
    8. Esteban Gómez & Sandra Rozo, 2008. "Beyond Bubbles: The Role of Asset Prices in Early-Warning Indicators," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 26(56), pages 114-148, June.
    9. Esteban Gómez & Andrés Murcia & Nancy Zamundio, 2011. "Financial Conditions Index: Early and Leading Indicator for Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 29(66), pages 174-220, December.
    10. Esteban Gómez & Sandra Rozo, 2008. "Beyond Bubbles: The Role of Asset Prices in Early-Warning Indicators," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 26(56), pages 114-148, June.
    11. Gloria Cecilia Martínez, 2008. "Anatomía de los ciclos económicos en Colombia 1970-2007," Borradores de Economia 4569, Banco de la Republica.
    12. Julian Parra-Polania & Carmiña Vargas, 2015. "Optimal tax on capital inflows discriminated by debt-risk profile," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 22(1), pages 102-119, February.
    13. Gómez, Esteban & Murcia, Andrés & Lizarazo, Angélica & Mendoza, Juan Carlos, 2020. "Evaluating the impact of macroprudential policies on credit growth in Colombia," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

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