IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/col/000438/013521.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

El crecimiento económico en América Latina después de una década de reformas estructurales

Author

Listed:
  • Eduardo Lora
  • Felipe Barrera

Abstract

“¿Mejor o peor que antes? Esta es la pregunta que ronda los medios políticos y públicos de la región después de una década de reformas, cuyos efectos no han colmado las expectativas que generaron. Este estudio encuentra que, sin las reformas estructurales de la última década, el ingreso per- cápita en América Latina sería 12% inferior, y el potencial de crecimiento del PIB hacia el futuro sería del1 ,9% anual en promedio en los países de la región. Sin las reformas, la productividad conjunta del trabajo y el capital habría continuado cayendo como venía ocurriendo desde los setentas, y las tasas de inversión se habrían estancado en niveles inferiores en promedio al 17% del PIB. Desde este punto de vista, la situación es mejor que antes. Pero las reformas adelantadas hasta ahora son insuficientes para regresar a las tasas de crecimiento del orden del 5% que fueron usuales en el pasado, y menos aún para lograr los niveles superiores al 7% comunes en Asia del Este. Con las políticas actuales, las economías de la región pueden aspirar a crecer en promedio a un ritmo de sólo 3,8% anual. Desde este otro punto de vista, la situación actual es peor. Estas conclusiones provienen de un análisis sistemático de los efectos de las reformas estructurales adoptadas en 19 países de la región entre 1985 y 1995. Las deficiencias de educación son el principal obstáculo para lograr tasas mayores de crecimiento, especialmente en los países más pobres. La educación acelera el crecimiento a través de su mayor contribución directa a la acumulación de capital humano e indirecta a través de su impacto favorable sobre la productividad.”

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Lora & Felipe Barrera, 1997. "El crecimiento económico en América Latina después de una década de reformas estructurales," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013521
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/2166
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. De Gregorio, Jose & Guidotti, Pablo E., 1995. "Financial development and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 433-448, March.
    2. Mariano Tommasi & Andrés Velasco, 1996. "Where are we in the political economy of reform?," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 187-238.
    3. Dani Rodrik, 1994. "Getting Interventions Right: How South Korea and Taiwan Grew Rich," NBER Working Papers 4964, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Robert J. Barro, 1998. "Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262522543, December.
    5. Kim Jong-Il & Lau Lawrence J., 1994. "The Sources of Economic Growth of the East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 235-271, September.
    6. Eduardo Lora, 1997. "Una década de reformas estructurales en América Latina: ¿Qué se ha reformado y cómo cuantificarlo?," Research Department Publications 4075, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    7. Alwyn Young, 1994. "The Tyranny of Numbers: Confronting the Statistical Realities of the East Asian Growth Experience," NBER Working Papers 4680, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Enrique Ospina, 1998. "Importaciones Agropecuarias: A qué Responden?," Borradores de Economia 107, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    2. Escaith, Hubert & Morley, Samuel, 2001. "El efecto de las reformas estructurales en el crecimiento económico de la América Latina y el Caribe. Una estimación empírica," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(272), pages 469-513, octubre-d.
    3. Enrique Ospina G., 1998. "Importaciones Agropecuarias: A Que Responden?," Borradores de Economia 2817, Banco de la Republica.
    4. José Antonio Ocampo, 2004. "Latin America's Growth and Equity Frustrations During Structural Reforms," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 18(2), pages 67-88, Spring.
    5. Lora, Eduardo, 2001. "Structural Reforms in Latin America: What Has Been Reformed and How to Measure It," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 3338, Inter-American Development Bank.
    6. Villar Gómez Leonardo & David M. Salamanca Rojas & Andrés Murcia Pabón, 2005. "Crédito, represión financiera y flujos de capitales en Colombia: 1974-2003," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, May.
    7. Lora, Eduardo, 2001. "Las Reformas Estructurales en América Latina: Qué Se Ha Reformado y Cómo Medirlo," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2152, Inter-American Development Bank.
    8. Morley, Samuel A., 2001. "Distribution and growth in Latin America in an era of structural reform," TMD discussion papers 66, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    9. Leonardo Villar Gómez & David Salamanca Rojas & Andrés Murcia Pabón, 2005. "Crédito, Represión Financiera y Flujos de Capitales en Colombia: 1974-2003," Borradores de Economia 2236, Banco de la Republica.
    10. Eduardo Lora, 2001. "Reformas estructurales en América Latina: qué se ha reformado y cómo cuantificarlo," Research Department Publications 4294, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Williamson, Jeffrey G., 2013. "Demographic Dividends Revisited," CEPR Discussion Papers 9390, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2013. "Demographic Dividends Revisited," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 30(2), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Olivier Bruno & Cuong Van & Benoît Masquin, 2009. "When does a developing country use new technologies?," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 40(2), pages 275-300, August.
    4. Han, Gaofeng & Kalirajan, Kaliappa & Singh, Nirvikar, 2004. "Productivity, efficiency and economic growth: east Asia and the rest of the world," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 37(2), pages 99-118, January-M.
    5. Diaz-Bautista, Alejandro, 2002. "The role of telecommunications infrastructure and human capital: Mexico´s economic growth and convergence," ERSA conference papers ersa02p102, European Regional Science Association.
    6. Nooshin Khani Gharie Gapy & Seyed Mohammad Hadi Sobhanian & Susanne Soretz & Bahram Sahabi, 2015. "Nonlinear Effects of Financial Sector Development on Iran Economic Growth: With an Emphasis on the Role of Interest Rate," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 5(2), pages 75-96, December.
    7. Mallick, Debdulal, 2012. "The role of the elasticity of substitution in economic growth: A cross-country investigation," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 682-694.
    8. Henri Ngoa Tabi & Henri Atangana Ondoa, 2011. "Inflation, Money and Economic Growth in Cameroon," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 2(1), pages 45-56, March.
    9. Frankel, Jeffrey A. & Romer, David & Cyrus, Teresa, 1995. "Trade and Growth in East Asian Countries: Cause and Effect?," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers 233408, University of California-Berkeley, Department of Economics.
    10. Bloom, David E & Williamson, Jeffrey G, 1998. "Demographic Transitions and Economic Miracles in Emerging Asia," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 12(3), pages 419-455, September.
    11. José De Gregorio & Jong-Wha Lee, 1999. "Economic Growth in Latin America: Sources and Prospects," Documentos de Trabajo 66, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
    12. Hai Long & Wenwei Li, 2021. "Does COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on China s Economy Structure and Sustainability of Deep Economic Determinants?," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 81-88.
    13. Ricardo N. Bebczuk, 2000. "Financiamiento empresario, desarrollo financiero y crecimiento," Premio de Banca Central Rodrigo Gómez / Central Banking Award "Rodrigo Gómez", Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA, number prg2000, July-Dece.
    14. Bee Yan Aw & Xiaomin Chen & Mark J. Roberts, 1997. "Firm-level Evidence on Productivity Differentials, Turnover, and Exports in Taiwanese Manufacturing," NBER Working Papers 6235, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Peter Ego Ayunku, 2018. "The Nexus between Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Cointergration Approach," Noble International Journal of Social Sciences Research, Noble Academic Publsiher, vol. 3(8), pages 55-70, August.
    16. Chang, Shu-Hwa & Huang, Liang-Chou, 2010. "The nexus of finance and GDP growth in Japan: Do real interest rates matter?," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 235-242, December.
    17. Mohamed Trabelsi, 2002. "Finance and Growth: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries 1960-1990," Working Papers 0228, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Sep 2002.
    18. Avinash Dixit, 2007. "Evaluating Recipes for Development Success," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 22(2), pages 131-157, June.
    19. Jomo Kwame Sundaram & Rudiger von Arnim, 2008. "Economic liberalization and constraints to development in sub-Saharan africa," Working Papers 67, United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
    20. Sassi, Seifallah & Goaied, Mohamed, 2013. "Financial development, ICT diffusion and economic growth: Lessons from MENA region," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 252-261.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reforma Estructural; Ajuste Estructural; Reforma Económica; Política Económica; Crecimiento Económico; Productividad; Inversiones; Educación; Estabilización Económica; América Latina;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000438:013521. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Patricia Monroy (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fedesco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.