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Reformas estructurales en América Latina: qué se ha reformado y cómo cuantificarlo

Author

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  • Eduardo Lora

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Desde mediados de los años 80 se ha producido un cambio profundo en la dirección de las políticas estructurales en la región. El modelo de desarrollo basado en la protección de los mercados nacionales y la intervención del Estado fue reemplazado por un conjunto de políticas destinadas principalmente al fomento de la eficiencia, la facilitación del funcionamiento de los mercados y la reducción de los efectos distorsionantes de la intervención oficial en las actividades económicas. Una versión previa de este artículo (Lora, 1997) respondió a la falta hasta ese momento de cuantificaciones del avance de las reformas. Tal como se sostuvo a la sazón, la falta de cuantificaciones directas de las políticas estructurales había entorpecido la evaluación adecuada de los efectos de las reformas en el crecimiento económico y otras variables. Los pocos estudios que habían intentado analizar los efectos de las reformas habían empleado variables de resultados, tales como la proporción de comercio internacional en la economía o el tamaño del gasto público, o la profundidad del sistema financiero, en vez de variables de políticas, tales como aranceles, niveles tributarios o niveles de encaje legal. Los índices de reforma propuestos en ese entonces sirvieron como base de varios estudios en los que se analizaron las repercusiones de las reformas y se estimuló la definición de otros indicadores de reforma.

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Lora, 2001. "Reformas estructurales en América Latina: qué se ha reformado y cómo cuantificarlo," Research Department Publications 4294, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
  • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marcelo Neri & José Márcio Camargo, 1999. "Distributive effects of Brazilian structural reforms," Textos para discussão 406, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil).
    2. Joaquín Vial & Cristobal Aninat & John Landregan & Patricio Navia, 2006. "Political Institutions, Policymaking Processes and Policy Outcomes in Chile," Research Department Publications 3222, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    3. Remberto Rhenals M. & Elkin Castano & Hugo López, 2004. "La reforma laboral de 2002 y sus impactos: in medio stat virtus," Perfil de Coyuntura Económica, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE.
    4. Miguel Székely & Pamela Mendoza, 2017. "Declining inequality in Latin America: structural shift or temporary phenomenon?," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(2), pages 204-221, April.

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