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Internal trade, productivity and interconnected industries: A quantitative analysis

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  • Lukas Albrecht
  • Trevor Tombe

Abstract

Does trade within a country affect welfare and productivity? What are the magnitude and consequences of costs to such trade? To answer these questions, we exploit unique Canadian data to measure internal trade costs in a variety of ways—they are large and vary across sectors and provinces. To quantify their consequences for welfare and productivity, we use a recent multi‐sector trade model featuring rich input–output relationships. We find interprovincial trade is an important contributor to Canada's GDP and welfare, though there are significant costs to such trade. Reducing interprovincial trade costs by 10% yields aggregate gains of 0.9%; eliminating our preferred estimates of costs, gains average between 3% and 7%—equivalent to real GDP gains between $50 billion and $130 billion. Finally, as policy reforms are often sector specific, we liberalize sectors one at a time and find gains are largest in highly interconnected industries. Commerce intérieur, productivité et industries interconnectées : une analyse quantitative. Est‐ce que le commerce à l'intérieur d'un pays affecte son bien‐être et sa productivité? Quelles sont la magnitude et les conséquences des coûts d'un tel commerce? Pour répondre à ces questions, on utilise des données canadiennes uniques pour mesurer les coûts du commerce intérieur de diverses façons – lesquels coûts sont importants et varient selon les secteurs et les provinces. Pour quantifier les conséquences sur le bien‐être et la productivité, on utilise un modèle de commerce multi‐secteurs avec un réseau riche de relations intrant‐extrant. On découvre que le commerce inter‐provincial contribue de manière importante au PIB du Canada et à son bien‐être, mais qu'il y a des coûts significatifs à ce commerce. Réduire les coûts de commerce inter‐provincial de 10 % produirait des gains agrégés de 0,9 %; éliminer nos estimés les plus satisfaisants de ces coûts pourrait engendrer des gains moyens de l'ordre de 3.7 % – ce qui équivaudrait à des gains dans le PIB réel de l'ordre de 50 à 130 milliards de dollars. Finalement, comme les réformes de politiques sont souvent spécifiques aux secteurs, on libéralise les secteurs un par un, et on découvre que les gains les plus importants viennent des secteurs les plus hautement interconnectés.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Albrecht & Trevor Tombe, 2016. "Internal trade, productivity and interconnected industries: A quantitative analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(1), pages 237-263, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:237-263
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12196
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Robert Mansell & Mukesh Khanal & Trevor Tombe, 2020. "The Regional Distribution of Federal Fiscal Balances: Who Pays, Who Gets and Why It Matters," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 13(14), June.
    2. Andrew Agopsowicz & Bassirou Gueye & Natalia Kyui & Youngmin Park & Mohanad Salameh & Ben Tomlin, 2017. "April 2017 Annual Reassessment of Potential Output Growth in Canada," Staff Analytical Notes 17-5, Bank of Canada.
    3. OKUBO Toshihiro & SASAHARA Akira, 2022. "A Long-run Transition of Japan's Inter-regional Value Chains," Discussion papers 22067, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    4. Agnosteva, Delina E. & Anderson, James E. & Yotov, Yoto V., 2019. "Intra-national trade costs: Assaying regional frictions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 32-50.
    5. Mr. Jorge A Alvarez & Mr. Ivo Krznar & Trevor Tombe, 2019. "Internal Trade in Canada: Case for Liberalization," IMF Working Papers 2019/158, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2020. "Gains from domestic versus international trade: Evidence from the US," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(2), pages 199-210, February.
    7. Yilmazkuday, Hakan, 2012. "Understanding interstate trade patterns," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 158-166.
    8. G. Kent Fellows & Katharina Koch & Alas Munzur & Robert Mansell & Pierre-Gerlier Forest, 2020. "The Canadian Northern Corridor: Planning for National Prosperity," SPP Briefing Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 13(28), December.
    9. G. Kent Fellows & Trevor Tombe, 2018. "Gains from Trade for Canada’s North: The Case for a Northern Infrastructure Corridor," SPP Communique, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 10(2), March.
    10. Robby K. Bemrose & W. Mark Brown & Jesse Tweedle, 2020. "Going the distance: Estimating the effect of provincial borders on trade when geography (and everything else) matters," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 1098-1131, August.
    11. Trevor Tombe & Jennifer Winter, 2021. "Fiscal integration with internal trade: Quantifying the effects of federal transfers in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(2), pages 522-556, May.
    12. Calin Arcalean & Gerhard Glomm & Ioana Cosmina Schiopu, 2019. "Urbanization, productivity differences and spatial frictions," CESifo Working Paper Series 7609, CESifo.
    13. Kazunobu Hayakawa & Ikumo Isono & Satoru Kumagai, 2020. "Transportation Costs in Archipelagos: Evidence from Indonesia," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 58(3), pages 227-241, September.
    14. G. Kent Fellows & Trevor Tombe, 2018. "Opening Canada’s North: A Study of Trade Costs in the Territories," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 11(17), June.

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