IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/artjou/v21y2022i1p93-116.html

Female Entrepreneurs in the Hospitality Industry: A Panel Causality Analysis of EU Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Sudeshna Ghosh

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of female entrepreneurship (FE) in the tourism and hospitality industry in 30 European countries. Based on annual observations for the period 2006–2016 and using panel causality techniques, the study explores the impact of tourism receipts, GDP per capita, the Global Entrepreneurial Index (GEI), policies related to institutional and cultural issues, childcare and gender parity related to skills and entrepreneurship on FE. The results of robust second-generation panel methods indicate the existence of long-run cointegration among FE, GDP, tourism receipts and other variables of interest. The long-run elasticities of tourism receipts, GDP, GEI, childcare and the female–male ratio of access to human capital formation in terms of training obtained from the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and the pooled mean group estimator (PMG) estimation are significant in the context of FE. The study concludes that pivotal policy interventions are needed to ensure that family policies and procedures, social strategies and tax structures do not discriminate female entrepreneurs. JEL: C32, C33, J16, O52, Z30

Suggested Citation

  • Sudeshna Ghosh, 2022. "Female Entrepreneurs in the Hospitality Industry: A Panel Causality Analysis of EU Countries," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(1), pages 93-116, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:artjou:v:21:y:2022:i:1:p:93-116
    DOI: 10.1177/0976747920942486
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0976747920942486
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0976747920942486?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sharon A. Alvarez & Jay B. Barney, 2014. "Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Poverty Alleviation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(1), pages 159-184, January.
    2. -, 2002. "Welcome to new Heads of the Gender Department," Sede Subregional de la CEPAL para el Caribe (Estudios e Investigaciones) 38393, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    3. Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona & Hurlin, Christophe, 2012. "Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1450-1460.
    4. Dani Rodrik, 2006. "Institutions for High-Quality Growth: What They Are and How to Acquire Them," Chapters, in: Kartik Roy & Jörn Sideras (ed.), Institutions, Globalisation and Empowerment, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2021. "General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 13-50, January.
    6. Chihwa Kao & Min-Hsien Chiang, 1997. "On the Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data," Econometrics 9703001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Namrata Singha Roy & Ishita Mukhopadhyay, 2019. "Emerging Challenges of Rural Labour Market: Insights from Indian Villages," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(1), pages 86-103, June.
    8. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:631-52 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Vanessa Smith, L. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2013. "Panel unit root tests in the presence of a multifactor error structure," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 175(2), pages 94-115.
    10. Xuefang Liu & W. Robert J. Alexander & Sajid Anwar, 2018. "Bank Runs in China: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Model," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 17(1), pages 15-30, June.
    11. Santero-Sanchez, Rosa & Segovia-Pérez, Mónica & Castro-Nuñez, Belen & Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina & Talón-Ballestero, Pilar, 2015. "Gender differences in the hospitality industry: A Job quality index," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 234-246.
    12. Nelson C. Mark & Donggyu Sul, 2003. "Cointegration Vector Estimation by Panel DOLS and Long‐run Money Demand," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 65(5), pages 655-680, December.
    13. Carvalho, Inês & Costa, Carlos & Lykke, Nina & Torres, Anália, 2019. "Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 79-91.
    14. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    15. Shane, Scott & Kolvereid, Lars & Westhead, Paul, 1991. "An exploratory examination of the reasons leading to new firm formation across country and gender," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 431-446, November.
    16. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Kimbu, Albert Nsom & Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh, 2016. "Women as vectors of social entrepreneurship," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 63-79.
    18. Candida Brush & Linda F. Edelman & Tatiana Manolova & Friederike Welter, 2019. "A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 393-408, August.
    19. Anna, Petrenko, . "Мaркування готової продукції як складова частина інформаційного забезпечення маркетингової діяльності підприємств овочепродуктового підкомплексу," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 2(01).
    20. M. Thea Sinclair, 1998. "Tourism and economic development: A survey," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(5), pages 1-51.
    21. Dejene Mamo Bekana, 2020. "Does governance quality promote innovation in sub-Saharan Africa? An empirical study across 37 countries," Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 21-44, January.
    22. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    23. Ngoasong, Michael Z. & Kimbu, Albert N., 2016. "Informal microfinance institutions and development-led tourism entrepreneurship," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 430-439.
    24. Frederic Delmar & Per Davidsson, 2000. "Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, January.
    25. G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 631-652, November.
    26. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May.
    27. Saibal Kar & Meghna Dutta, 2018. "Outsourcing and Productivity During Economic Crisis: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 17(2), pages 168-182, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rajesh Sharma & Samaresh Bardhan, 2017. "Finance growth nexus across Indian states: evidences from panel cointegration and causality tests," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Acikgoz, Senay & Ben Ali, Mohamed Sami, 2019. "Where does economic growth in the Middle Eastern and North African countries come from?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 172-183.
    3. Škare, Marinko & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata, 2023. "Are we making progress on decarbonization? A panel heterogeneous study of the long-run relationship in selected economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Olimpia Neagu & Mircea Constantin Teodoru, 2019. "The Relationship between Economic Complexity, Energy Consumption Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Heterogeneous Panel Evidence from the EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    5. Shujaat Naeem Azmi & Tasneem Khan & Wajahat Azmi & Naghma Azhar, 2023. "A panel cointegration analysis of linkages between international trade and tourism: case of India and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 5157-5176, December.
    6. Foungnigué Noé COULIBALY & Tito Nestor TIEHI & Sylvain N’GUESSAN & Ahwoua Severin Daniel AKOSSI, 2025. "Social Protection and Economic Growth in ECOWAS zone," Bulletin of Applied Economics, Risk Market Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 45-62.
    7. Asta Ndongo & Ibrahima Thione Diop, 2021. "Economic and Monetary Integration in ECOWAS Countries: A Panel VAR Approach to Identify Macroeconomic Shocks," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 7(2), pages 61-87, December.
    8. Aladejare, Samson Adeniyi, 2022. "Natural resource rents, globalisation and environmental degradation: New insight from 5 richest African economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. Usman, Muhammad & Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail Amjad, 2021. "What abates ecological footprint in BRICS-T region? Exploring the influence of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, agriculture, forest area and financial development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 12-28.
    10. Chakraborty, Saptorshee Kanto & Mazzanti, Massimiliano, 2021. "Renewable electricity and economic growth relationship in the long run: Panel data econometric evidence from the OECD," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 330-341.
    11. Ali Umar Ahmad & Jagan Jeevan & Siti Marsila Mhd Ruslan & Atiku Muhammad Abubakar, 2026. "The Asymmetric Nexus of Energy Factors, Green Economy Factors, Blue Economy Factors, and African Growth Sustainability: An Empirical Evidence from Hidden Cointegration Approach," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 17(1), pages 1-49, February.
    12. Jingqi Sun & Jing Shi & Boyang Shen & Shuqing Li & Yuwei Wang, 2018. "Nexus among Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Urbanization and Carbon Emissions: Heterogeneous Panel Evidence Considering China’s Regional Differences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Skare, Marinko & Ozturk, Ilhan & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata & Stjepanovic, Sasa, 2024. "Energy as the new frontier: Dynamic panel data analysis revealing energy's transformative role in economic growth and technological progress," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    14. Amsalu K. Addis, 2026. "The impact of renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Middle Eastern and BRICS economies," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    15. Muhammad Azam & Zia Ur Rehman & Yusnidah Ibrahim, 2022. "Causal nexus in industrialization, urbanization, trade openness, and carbon emissions: empirical evidence from OPEC economies," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(12), pages 13990-14010, December.
    16. Krenz, Astrid, 2016. "Do political institutions influence international trade? Measurement of institutions and the Long-Run effects," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 276, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    17. Jean-Fran ois Hoarau & Nicolas Lucic, 2022. "Are real merchandise imports per capita a good predictor for the standard of living for the small island world: Testing for the imports-led growth and the growth-led imports hypotheses in panels over the period 1970-2019," TEPP Working Paper 2022-16, TEPP.
    18. Tiwari, Sunil & Si Mohammed, Kamel & Guesmi, Khaled, 2023. "A way forward to end energy poverty in China: Role of carbon-cutting targets and net-zero commitments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    19. Muhammad Bilal Khan & Hummera Saleem & Malik Shahzad Shabbir & Xie Huobao, 2022. "The effects of globalization, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in South Asian countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(1), pages 107-134, February.
    20. Dogan, Eyup & Seker, Fahri, 2016. "Determinants of CO2 emissions in the European Union: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 429-439.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • Z30 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:artjou:v:21:y:2022:i:1:p:93-116. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.