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Does the New-Type Urbanization Policy Help Reduce PM2.5 Pollution? Evidence from Chinese Counties

Author

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  • Yue Wang

    (School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

  • Sihan Chen

    (School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

  • Zhicheng Zhou

    (School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

  • Shen Zhong

    (School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

Abstract

Traditional urbanization prioritizes economic growth but often degrades the environment, challenging SDGs 9 and 13. China’s New-Type Urbanization Policy (NTUP) balances economic expansion, energy conservation, and environmental protection. By applying the difference-in-differences (DID) method, this study examines the causal effect of NTUP on urban air quality, taking the full implementation of NTUP in 2014 and the designated pilot cities as the policy shock and treatment group, respectively. Furthermore, we explore the mediating roles of land use efficiency and innovation efficiency in this relationship. The results show the following: (1) NTUP significantly lowers urban PM2.5, robust to confounders and selection bias; (2) land use and innovation efficiency mediate this effect, verified by Sobel and Bootstrap tests; and (3) policy effectiveness varies by city level, industrial base, and economic structure. These findings highlight NTUP’s environmental benefits and inform sustainable urbanization strategies globally.

Suggested Citation

  • Yue Wang & Sihan Chen & Zhicheng Zhou & Shen Zhong, 2025. "Does the New-Type Urbanization Policy Help Reduce PM2.5 Pollution? Evidence from Chinese Counties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-31, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:17:p:7585-:d:1730313
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