IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i5p4211-d1081061.html

Capital Structure and Corporates Financial Sustainability: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Entities in Ghana

Author

Listed:
  • Yusheng Kong

    (School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Mary Donkor

    (School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Mohammed Musah

    (Department of Accounting, Banking, and Finance, School of Business, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra PMB 100, Ghana)

  • Joseph Akwasi Nkyi

    (Department of Accounting, Banking, and Finance, School of Business, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra PMB 100, Ghana)

  • George Oppong Appiagyei Ampong

    (Department of Accounting, Banking, and Finance, School of Business, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra PMB 100, Ghana)

Abstract

This study examined the nexus between capital structure and the financial sustainability of 28 listed non-financial firms in Ghana. Panel data for the period 2008 to 2019 was used for the analysis. From the results, the panel studied was heterogeneous and cross-sectionally dependent. In addition, the variables investigated were first-differenced stationary and cointegrated in the long term. The elasticities of the predictors were explored via the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator. From the findings, capital structure proxied by the debt and debt-to-equity ratio improved the firms’ financial sustainability via the increase in return on equity (ROE). Also, firm size and assets growth promoted the entities’ financial sustainability in all the panels; however, the association between operational efficiency and the corporates’ sustainability was heterogeneous across panels. Finally, asset tangibility significantly impacted the firms’ financial sustainability. Based on the findings, the study recommended that authorities should opt for a capital structure mix that would minimize costs and optimize the firms’ financial sustainability when making capital structure decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yusheng Kong & Mary Donkor & Mohammed Musah & Joseph Akwasi Nkyi & George Oppong Appiagyei Ampong, 2023. "Capital Structure and Corporates Financial Sustainability: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Entities in Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4211-:d:1081061
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4211/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4211/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Serhiy Zabolotnyy & Mirosław Wasilewski, 2019. "The Concept of Financial Sustainability Measurement: A Case of Food Companies from Northern Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    3. Joakim Westerlund & David L. Edgerton, 2008. "A Simple Test for Cointegration in Dependent Panels with Structural Breaks," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(5), pages 665-704, October.
    4. Koketso Phale & Fanglin Li & Isaac Adjei Mensah & Akoto Yaw Omari-Sasu & Mohammed Musah, 2021. "Knowledge-Based Economy Capacity Building for Developing Countries: A Panel Analysis in Southern African Development Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, March.
    5. Pedroni, Peter, 2004. "Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic And Finite Sample Properties Of Pooled Time Series Tests With An Application To The Ppp Hypothesis," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 597-625, June.
    6. Mary Donkor & Yusheng Kong & Emmanuel Kwaku Manu & Albert Henry Ntarmah & Florence Appiah-Twum, 2022. "Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Analysis of Government Expenditure and the Causal Effect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-23, August.
    7. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 2008. "Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," RAE - Revista de Administração de Empresas, FGV-EAESP Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo (Brazil), vol. 48(2), April.
    8. Al Shahrani Saad M & Al Shahrani Saad M, 2016. "The Impact of Organizational Factors on Financial Performance: Building a Theoretical Model," International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, Inovatus Services Ltd., vol. 2(7), pages 51-56, June.
    9. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2021. "General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 13-50, January.
    10. Mouna Amraoui & Ye Jianmu & Kenza Bouarara, 2018. "FirmÂ’s Capital Structure Determinants and Financing Choice by Industry in Morocco," International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, Inovatus Services Ltd., vol. 4(3), pages 41-51, March.
    11. Isabel Lourenço & Manuel Branco & José Curto & Teresa Eugénio, 2012. "How Does the Market Value Corporate Sustainability Performance?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 108(4), pages 417-428, July.
    12. Mohammed Musah & Yusheng Kong & Isaac Adjei Mensah & Stephen Kwadwo Antwi & Agyemang Andrew Osei & Mary Donkor, 2021. "Modelling the connection between energy consumption and carbon emissions in North Africa: Evidence from panel models robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(10), pages 15225-15239, October.
    13. Bashir, Muhammad Farhan & MA, Benjiang & Hussain, Hafezali Iqbal & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Koca, Kemal & Shahzadi, Irum, 2022. "Evaluating environmental commitments to COP21 and the role of economic complexity, renewable energy, financial development, urbanization, and energy innovation: Empirical evidence from the RCEP countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 541-550.
    14. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2006. "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 74(4), pages 967-1012, July.
    15. Ozcan Isik & Umit Firat Tasgin, 2017. "Profitability and Its Determinants in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Model," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(8), pages 66-75, August.
    16. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    17. Elif Akben-Selcuk, 2016. "Factors Affecting Firm Competitiveness: Evidence from an Emerging Market," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-10, May.
    18. Peter C. B. Phillips & Donggyu Sul, 2003. "Dynamic panel estimation and homogeneity testing under cross section dependence *," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 6(1), pages 217-259, June.
    19. Evelyn Agba Tackie & Hao Chen & Isaac Ahakwa & Samuel Atingabili & Kobina Abaka Ansah, 2022. "Investigating the Relationship Between Local Business and Employment Creation for Poverty Reduction in Northern Ghana: The Moderating Role of Local Economic Development (LED) Policy," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, June.
    20. Chudik, Alexander & Pesaran, M. Hashem, 2015. "Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 188(2), pages 393-420.
    21. Rajan, Raghuram G & Zingales, Luigi, 1995. "What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1421-1460, December.
    22. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    23. Al Shahrani Saad M & Al Shahrani Saad M, 2016. "The Impact of Organizational Factors on Financial Performance: Building a Theoretical Model," International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, Inovatus Services Ltd., vol. 2(7), pages 51-56, June.
    24. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    25. Naeem Ul Hassan & Malik Muhammad Imran & Muhammad Amjad & Mehboob Hussain, 2014. "Effects of Working Capital Management on Firm Performance: An Empirical Study of Non-financial listed Firms in Pakistan," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 4(6), pages 114-132, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kankan Wen & Andrew Agyemang & Noha Alessa & Inusah Sulemana & Abednego Osei, 2023. "The Moderating Role of Ownership Concentration on Financing Decisions and Firm’s Sustainability: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Hamid Ghazi H Sulimany, 2025. "Effect of environmental, social and governance performance on the financial reporting lag of Saudi listed companies," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Arifin Arifin & Misrah Misrah & Sitti Mujahida & Herminawaty Abubakar, 2025. "Mastery of financial accounting and market orientation: Driving competitive advantage in Indonesian SMEs," Asian Management and Business Review, Master of Management, Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 5(2), pages 279-296.
    4. Tong Tang & Chun-Ai Ma & Heng-Yu Lv & Fu-Ying Hao, 2023. "The Effect of Corporate Resource Abundance on the Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Enterprises from the Perspective of Whole Process Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-31, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qamruzzaman, Md, 2022. "Nexus between renewable energy, foreign direct investment, and agro-productivity: The mediating role of carbon emission," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 526-540.
    2. Francis Teal & Markus Eberhardt, 2010. "Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production," Economics Series Working Papers 515, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    3. Zhongwei, Huang & Liu, Yishu, 2022. "The role of eco-innovations, trade openness, and human capital in sustainable renewable energy consumption: Evidence using CS-ARDL approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 131-140.
    4. Naima Chrid & Sami Saafi & Mohamed Chakroun, 2021. "Export Upgrading and Economic Growth: a Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(2), pages 811-841, June.
    5. Saqib, Najia & Ozturk, Ilhan & Sharif, Arshian & Cichoń, Dariusz, 2024. "Enhancing sustainable energy: Mineral exports, financial development, and foreign investment can build a greener future?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    6. Ning Wu & Jingyi Zhao & Mohammed Musah & Zhiqiang Ma & Lijuan Zhang & Yutong Zhou & Yongzheng Su & Joseph Kwasi Agyemang & Juliana Anyei Asiamah & Siqi Cao & Linnan Yao & Kaodui Li, 2023. "Do Liquidity and Capital Structure Predict Firms’ Financial Sustainability? A Panel Data Analysis on Quoted Non-Financial Establishments in Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Robert Becker Pickson & Elliot Boateng & Peng Gui & Ai Chen, 2024. "The impacts of climatic conditions on cereal production: implications for food security in Africa," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(7), pages 18333-18360, July.
    8. Gillman, Max & Csabafi, Tamas Z. & Benk, Szilard & Matyas, Laszlo & Smith, Mitchell P. & Harris, Mark N., 2026. "Revisiting neoclassical growth theory: A primary role for inflation and capacity utilization," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    9. Tarik Dogru & Umit Bulut & Ercan Sirakaya-Turk, 2021. "Modeling tourism demand: Theoretical and empirical considerations for future research," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(4), pages 874-889, June.
    10. Markus Eberhardt & Francis Teal, 2011. "Econometrics For Grumblers: A New Look At The Literature On Cross‐Country Growth Empirics," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 109-155, February.
    11. Ozcan, Burcu, 2013. "The nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Middle East countries: A panel data analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1138-1147.
    12. Shakeel Ahmad & Xuepin Wu & Atta UR Rahman & Asad Ullah, 2025. "Unlocking industrial decarbonization: the catalytic role of artificial intelligence in circular economy practices from EU countries," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    13. Terver Theophilus Kumeka & Isiaka Akande Raifu & Oluwatosin Adeniyi, 2024. "Globalisation and Inclusive Growth in Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 59(1), pages 62-97, February.
    14. Eibinger, Tobias & Deixelberger, Beate & Manner, Hans, 2024. "Panel data in environmental economics: Econometric issues and applications to IPAT models," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    15. Mohamed Chakroun & Naima Chrid & Sami Saafi, 2021. "Does export upgrading really matter to economic growth? Evidence from panel data for high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5584-5609, October.
    16. Hasraddin Guliyev & Ferda Yerdelen Tatoğlu, 2026. "When Did the Labor Force Replace Energy?—Evidence from the Panel Data Model with Structural Breaks," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 17(1), pages 777-806, February.
    17. Qamruzzaman, Md & Karim, Salma & Jahan, Ishrat, 2022. "Nexus between economic policy uncertainty, foreign direct investment, government debt and renewable energy consumption in 13 top oil importing nations: Evidence from the symmetric and asymmetric investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 121-136.
    18. Saeid Satari Yuzbashkandi & Amir Mehrjo & Mohammad Hadi Eskandari Nasab, 2024. "Exploring the dynamic nexus between urbanization, energy efficiency, renewable energies, economic growth, with ecological footprint: A panel cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag evidence along Middle East and North Africa countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 35(8), pages 4386-4407, December.
    19. Hamit-Haggar, Mahamat, 2012. "Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 358-364.
    20. Shobande, Olatunji A. & Asongu, Simplice A., 2022. "The Critical Role of Education and ICT in Promoting Environmental Sustainability in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Panel VAR Approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4211-:d:1081061. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.