IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i22p6455-d287721.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Principal-Agent Theory Perspective on PPP Risk Allocation

Author

Listed:
  • Asheem Shrestha

    (School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia)

  • Jolanta Tamošaitienė

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Igor Martek

    (School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia)

  • M Reza Hosseini

    (School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia)

  • David J Edwards

    (Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University City Centre Campus, Millennium Point, Birmingham B47XG, UK)

Abstract

This study proposes a framework for the allocation of risk in public private partnerships (PPP) projects. Its contribution lies in the recognition and incorporation of risks introduced by project stakeholders, and as articulated by the principal-agent theory (PAT). The framework assesses risks and routes these risks to those parties best equipped to mitigate their impact on the project. This allocation of risk is facilitated by a thirteen-step process. The practical benefit of this study lies in outlining a clear, systematic method for allocating risk efficiently to both the government and private enterprise parties of the project. In so doing, risk mitigation can be expected to improve project performance, optimize stakeholder goals, and enhance sustainability objectives, including improved operational life-cycle efficiency and elevated social and community benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Asheem Shrestha & Jolanta Tamošaitienė & Igor Martek & M Reza Hosseini & David J Edwards, 2019. "A Principal-Agent Theory Perspective on PPP Risk Allocation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-18, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6455-:d:287721
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6455/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6455/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Foroogh Ghasemi & Mohammad Hossein Mahmoudi Sari & Vahidreza Yousefi & Reza Falsafi & Jolanta Tamošaitienė, 2018. "Project Portfolio Risk Identification and Analysis, Considering Project Risk Interactions and Using Bayesian Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Lefebvre, Mathieu & Vieider, Ferdinand M. & Villeval, Marie Claire, 2010. "Incentive effects on risk attitude in small probability prospects," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 115-120, November.
    3. Peter Raisbeck & Colin Duffield & Ming Xu, 2010. "Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement in Australia," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(4), pages 345-359.
    4. Crampes, Claude & Estache, Antonio, 1998. "Regulatory trade-offs in the design of concession contracts," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Kenneth J. Arrow, 1978. "Risk Allocation and Information: Some Recent Theoretical Developments," Working Paper 302, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    6. Andrey Berezin & Bruno S. Sergi & Natalia Gorodnova, 2018. "Efficiency Assessment of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects: The Case of Russia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    7. Linda English & Jane Baxter, 2010. "The Changing Nature of Contracting and Trust in Public‐Private Partnerships: The Case of Victorian PPP Prisons," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 46(3), pages 289-319, September.
    8. Picard, Pierre, 1987. "On the design of incentive schemes under moral hazard and adverse selection," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 305-331, August.
    9. Shrestha, Asheem & Chan, Toong-Khuan & Aibinu, Ajibade A. & Chen, Chuan, 2017. "Efficient risk transfer in PPP wastewater treatment projects," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 132-140.
    10. Asheem Shrestha & Igor Martek, 2015. "Principal Agent Problems Evident in Chinese PPP Infrastructure Projects," Springer Books, in: Liyin Shen & Kunhui Ye & Chao Mao (ed.), Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 759-770, Springer.
    11. David W. Parker & Uwe Dressel & Delroy Chevers & Luca Zeppetella, 2018. "Agency theory perspective on public-private-partnerships: international development project," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 67(2), pages 239-259, February.
    12. Jean-Jacques Laffont, 1996. "William Vickrey: A Pioneer in the Economics of Incentives," Nobel Prize in Economics documents 1996-2, Nobel Prize Committee.
    13. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    14. Alireza Valipour & Hadi Sarvari & Jolanta Tamošaitiene, 2018. "Risk Assessment in PPP Projects by Applying Different MCDM Methods and Comparative Results Analysis," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-17, December.
    15. Michael Klein, 1998. "Rebidding for Concessions," World Bank Publications - Reports 11524, The World Bank Group.
    16. Crampes, Claude & Estache, Antonio, 1997. "Regulatory tradeoffs in designing concession contracts for infrastructure networks," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1854, The World Bank.
    17. James G. March & Zur Shapira, 1987. "Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 33(11), pages 1404-1418, November.
    18. Alchian, Armen A. & Demsetz, Harold, 1973. "The Property Right Paradigm," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 33(1), pages 16-27, March.
    19. M. Motiar Rahman & Mohan Kumaraswamy, 2002. "Joint risk management through transactionally efficient relational contracting," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 45-54.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Evgeny V. Popov & Viktoriya L. Simonova & Vitaly V. Cherepanov, 2022. "The principal–agent problem amid digital transformation," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 13(3), pages 2-15, July.
    2. Hongqiang Wang & Qiaoyan Lin & Yingjie Zhang, 2022. "Risk Cost Measurement of Value for Money Evaluation Based on Case-Based Reasoning and Ontology: A Case Study of the Urban Rail Transit Public-Private Partnership Projects in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Jolanta Tamošaitienė & Vahidreza Yousefi & Hamed Tabasi, 2021. "Project Portfolio Construction Using Extreme Value Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Gabriel Castelblanco & Jose Guevara & Harrison Mesa & Diego Flores, 2020. "Risk Allocation in Unsolicited and Solicited Road Public-Private Partnerships: Sustainability and Management Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-28, June.
    5. Yan Wang & Yujie Wang & Xiuyu Wu & Jiwang Li, 2020. "Exploring the Risk Factors of Infrastructure PPP Projects for Sustainable Delivery: A Social Network Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-26, May.
    6. Pamela Akinyi Oyieyo & Charles M. Rambo & Anne Ndiritu, 2020. "Ranking the prevalence of construction cost overrun risk factors in completion of public-private partnership projects: A case of the Sondu-Miriu hydro-electric power project in Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 9(5), pages 351-356, September.
    7. Lima, Sónia & Brochado, Ana & Marques, Rui Cunha, 2021. "Public-private partnerships in the water sector: A review," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    8. Jolanta Tamošaitienė & Hadi Sarvari & Daniel W. M. Chan & Matteo Cristofaro, 2020. "Assessing the Barriers and Risks to Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure Construction Projects in Developing Countries of Middle East," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    9. Jeffrey Kouton & Wilfried Sanogo & Nandi Djomgoue, 2023. "Risk allocation in energy infrastructure PPPs projects in selected African countries: does institutional quality, PPPs experience and income level make a difference?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 537-580, February.
    10. Christiono Utomo & Sulfiah Dwi Astarini & Dewa Made Satriya Wibawa Mertha & Yani Rahmawati & Aqsha & Cahyono Bintang Nurcahyo & Maulita Nahdiyah, 2022. "Decision Factors of Stakeholder Integration in Connected Construction for Circular Economics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, December.
    11. Khwaja Mateen Mazher & Albert P. C. Chan & Rafiq M. Choudhry & Hafiz Zahoor & David J. Edwards & Ahmed M. Ghaithan & Awsan Mohammed & Mubashir Aziz, 2022. "Identifying Measures of Effective Risk Management for Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    12. Vu Minh Ngo & Huan Huu Nguyen & Hiep Cong Pham & Long Hoang Nguyen, 2024. "Engage or retreat? Exploring the determinants of participation in Climate Finance public-private partnerships," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 177(7), pages 1-30, July.
    13. Juan Tan & Jinyu Wei, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Configurational Analysis of ESG Performance, Innovation Intensity, and Financial Leverage: a Study on Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Firms," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 13803-13827, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Grace W.Y. & Pallis, Athanasios A., 2014. "Incentive approaches to overcome moral hazard in port concession agreements," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 162-174.
    2. Jeffrey Kouton & Wilfried Sanogo & Nandi Djomgoue, 2023. "Risk allocation in energy infrastructure PPPs projects in selected African countries: does institutional quality, PPPs experience and income level make a difference?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 537-580, February.
    3. Nur, Suardi & Burton, Bruce & Bergmann, Ariel, 2023. "Evidence on optimal risk allocation models for Indonesian geothermal projects under PPP contracts," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    4. MAREK HUDON & BENJAMIN HUYBRECHTS & Anaïs PÉRILLEUX & Marthe NYSSENS, 2017. "Understanding Cooperative Finance As A New Common," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(2), pages 155-177, June.
    5. Hsieh, Linda H.Y. & Rodrigues, Suzana B. & Child, John, 2010. "Risk perception and post-formation governance in international joint ventures in Taiwan: The perspective of the foreign partner," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 288-303, September.
    6. Marques, Rui Cunha & Berg, Sanford V, 2010. "Revisiting the strengths and limitations of regulatory contracts in infrastructure industries," MPRA Paper 32890, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Peter Wright & Mark Kroll, 2002. "Executive Discretion and Corporate Performance as Determinants of CEO Compensation, Contingent on External Monitoring Activities," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 6(3), pages 189-214, September.
    8. Sanjukta Brahma & Agyenim Boateng & Sardar Ahmad, 2023. "Board overconfidence and M&A performance: evidence from the UK," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1363-1391, May.
    9. Ooi, Chai-Aun & Hooy, Chee-Wooi, 2022. "Muslim CEOs, risk-taking and firm performance," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    10. Scott D. Graffin & Timothy D. Hubbard & Dane M. Christensen & Eric Y. Lee, 2020. "The influence of CEO risk tolerance on initial pay packages," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(4), pages 788-811, April.
    11. Abraham Park & Chen Yu Chang, 2013. "Impacts of Construction Events on the Project Equity Value of the Channel Tunnel Project," ERES eres2013_97, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    12. Alessandri, Todd M. & Pattit, Jason M., 2014. "Drivers of R&D investment: The interaction of behavioral theory and managerial incentives," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 151-158.
    13. Wang, Kun Tracy & Wu, Yue & Sun, Aonan, 2021. "Acquisitions and the cost of debt: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Tzu-Yu Liu & Li-Lun Liu & John Francis Diaz, 2016. "Effect of Managerial Overconfidence and Compensation on Share Repurchase: Empirical Evidence from Taiwanese Firms," Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance (AAMJAF), Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, vol. 12(1), pages 153-179.
    15. Holmstrom, Bengt R. & Tirole, Jean, 1989. "The theory of the firm," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 2, pages 61-133, Elsevier.
    16. Christian At & Lionel Thomas, 2015. "Optimal Lending Contracts under both Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard," Post-Print halshs-01308331, HAL.
    17. Castelnovo, Paolo, 2022. "Innovation in private and state-owned enterprises: A cross-industry analysis of patenting activity," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 98-113.
    18. Simone Krummaker, 2019. "Firm's demand for insurance: An explorative approach," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 22(3), pages 279-301, September.
    19. Yafei Zu & Que Zheng & Mengyao Qiao & Xiangfei Zeng, 2024. "Customer concentration and company risk‐taking: Effective contract or managerial power?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(2), pages 860-879, March.
    20. Wang, Jian & Sheng, Jiliang & Yang, Jun, 2013. "Optimism bias and incentive contracts in portfolio delegation," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 493-499.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6455-:d:287721. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.