IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i22p6303-d285345.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Meta-Analysis of Price Premiums in Housing with Energy Performance Certificates (EPC)

Author

Listed:
  • Maria-Francisca Cespedes-Lopez

    (Building Sciences and Urbanism Department, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain)

  • Raul-Tomas Mora-Garcia

    (Building Sciences and Urbanism Department, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain)

  • V. Raul Perez-Sanchez

    (Building Sciences and Urbanism Department, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain)

  • Juan-Carlos Perez-Sanchez

    (Building Sciences and Urbanism Department, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain)

Abstract

Studies have found that housing with energy performance certificates have a positive premium in sales price. However, other studies have obtained negative or unexpected results. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not housing with energy performance certificates (EPC) have positive premiums in the sales price. For this purpose, a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of prior studies were conducted in order to determine whether the existence of an EPC influences sales price. A total of 66 documents were examined, with a total of 173 sales registers. The impact of having or not having an EPC was analyzed for housing sales price premiums on a global level, as well as the premiums in Europe for each of the ABCDEFG qualification letters. The results suggest that: 1) Globally speaking, it is estimated that housing with an EPC has an overall price premium of 4.20%, on a continent level, with premiums of 5.36% being obtained in North America, 4.81% in Asia, and 2.32% in Europe; 2) in Europe, the results are not conclusive with regards to the ABCDEFG qualification, since there is no consensus as to the letter base to be used as a reference for comparisons, thereby generating small comparable samples.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria-Francisca Cespedes-Lopez & Raul-Tomas Mora-Garcia & V. Raul Perez-Sanchez & Juan-Carlos Perez-Sanchez, 2019. "Meta-Analysis of Price Premiums in Housing with Energy Performance Certificates (EPC)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-59, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6303-:d:285345
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6303/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6303/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olaussen, Jon Olaf & Oust, Are & Solstad, Jan Tore, 2017. "Energy performance certificates – Informing the informed or the indifferent?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 246-254.
    2. Paloma Taltavull de La Paz & V. Raul Perez-Sanchez & Raul-Tomas Mora-Garcia & Juan-Carlos Perez-Sanchez, 2019. "Green Premium Evidence from Climatic Areas: A Case in Southern Europe, Alicante (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-29, January.
    3. Bruegge, Chris & Carrión-Flores, Carmen & Pope, Jaren C., 2016. "Does the housing market value energy efficient homes? Evidence from the energy star program," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 63-76.
    4. Ramya Rajajagadeesan Aroul & J. Andrew Hansz, 2012. "The Value of "Green": Evidence from the First Mandatory Residential Green Building Program," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 34(1), pages 27-50.
    5. Peadar T Davis & John A McCord & Michael McCord & Martin Haran, 2015. "Modelling the effect of energy performance certificate rating on property value in the Belfast housing market," International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(3), pages 292-317, August.
    6. Deng, Yongheng & Li, Zhiliang & Quigley, John M., 2012. "Economic returns to energy-efficient investments in the housing market: Evidence from Singapore," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 506-515.
    7. Fuerst, Franz & McAllister, Pat & Nanda, Anupam & Wyatt, Pete, 2016. "Energy performance ratings and house prices in Wales: An empirical study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 20-33.
    8. Shaun Bond & Avis Devine, 2016. "Certification Matters: Is Green Talk Cheap Talk?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 117-140, February.
    9. Chegut, Andrea & Eichholtz, Piet & Holtermans, Rogier, 2016. "Energy efficiency and economic value in affordable housing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 39-49.
    10. Hyland, Marie & Lyons, Ronan C. & Lyons, Seán, 2013. "The value of domestic building energy efficiency — evidence from Ireland," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 943-952.
    11. Kholodilin, Konstantin A & Mense, Andreas & Michelsen, Claus, 2017. "The market value of energy efficiency in buildings and the mode of tenure," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 54(14), pages 3218-3238.
    12. Florian Fizaine & Pierre Voye & Catherine Baumont, 2018. "Does the Literature Support a High Willingness to Pay for Green Label Buildings? An Answer with Treatment of Publication Bias," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 128(5), pages 1013-1046.
    13. Tom M. Palmer & Jaime L. Peters & Alex J. Sutton & Santiago G. Moreno, 2008. "Contour-enhanced funnel plots for meta-analysis," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 8(2), pages 242-254, June.
    14. Annika Feige & Patrick Mcallister & Holger Wallbaum, 2013. "Rental price and sustainability ratings: which sustainability criteria are really paying back?," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 322-334, April.
    15. Cornago, Elisabetta & Dressler, Luisa, 2020. "Incentives to (not) disclose energy performance information in the housing market," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    16. Jon Nelson & Peter Kennedy, 2009. "The Use (and Abuse) of Meta-Analysis in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Assessment," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 42(3), pages 345-377, March.
    17. Kahn, Matthew E. & Kok, Nils, 2014. "The capitalization of green labels in the California housing market," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 25-34.
    18. Fuerst, Franz & McAllister, Patrick & Nanda, Anupam & Wyatt, Peter, 2015. "Does energy efficiency matter to home-buyers? An investigation of EPC ratings and transaction prices in England," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 145-156.
    19. de Ayala, Amaia & Galarraga, Ibon & Spadaro, Joseph V., 2016. "The price of energy efficiency in the Spanish housing market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 16-24.
    20. Ronan C. Lyons & Sean Lyons & Sarah Stanley, 2015. "The Price Effect of Building Energy Ratings in the Dublin Residential Market," Trinity Economics Papers tep0415, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
    21. Hristos Doucouliagos & T. D. Stanley, 2009. "Publication Selection Bias in Minimum‐Wage Research? A Meta‐Regression Analysis," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 47(2), pages 406-428, June.
    22. Fuerst, Franz & Shimizu, Chihiro, 2016. "Green luxury goods? The economics of eco-labels in the Japanese housing market," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 108-122.
    23. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
    24. Jiro Yoshida & Ayako Sugiura, 2015. "The Effects of Multiple Green Factors on Condominium Prices," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 412-437, April.
    25. Pontus Cerin & Lars G. Hassel & Natalia Semenova, 2014. "Energy Performance and Housing Prices," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(6), pages 404-419, November.
    26. Im, Jongho & Seo, Youngme & Cetin, Kristen S. & Singh, Jasmeet, 2017. "Energy efficiency in U.S. residential rental housing: Adoption rates and impact on rent," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1021-1033.
    27. Walls, Margaret & Gerarden, Todd & Palmer, Karen & Bak, Xian Fang, 2017. "Is energy efficiency capitalized into home prices? Evidence from three U.S. cities," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 104-124.
    28. Julia Freybote & Hua Sun & Xi Yang, 2015. "The Impact of LEED Neighborhood Certification on Condo Prices," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(3), pages 586-608, September.
    29. Brounen, Dirk & Kok, Nils, 2011. "On the economics of energy labels in the housing market," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 166-179, September.
    30. Fuerst, Franz & Warren-Myers, Georgia, 2018. "Does voluntary disclosure create a green lemon problem? Energy-efficiency ratings and house prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1-12.
    31. Sharon Shewmake & W. Kip Viscusi, 2015. "Producer And Consumer Responses To Green Housing Labels," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 53(1), pages 681-699, January.
    32. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    33. Luisa Dressler & Elisabetta Cornago, 2017. "The Rent Impact of Disclosing Energy Performance Certificates: Energy Efficiency and Information Effects," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2017-16, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    34. Jensen, Ole Michael & Hansen, Anders Rhiger & Kragh, Jesper, 2016. "Market response to the public display of energy performance rating at property sales," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 229-235.
    35. Wolfgang Viechtbauer, 2005. "Bias and Efficiency of Meta-Analytic Variance Estimators in the Random-Effects Model," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 30(3), pages 261-293, September.
    36. Yoshida, Jiro & Sugiura, Ayako, 2010. "Which “Greenness” is Valued? Evidence from Green Condominiums in Tokyo," MPRA Paper 23124, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Jun 2010.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Deller, Timo, 2022. "The Economic Upside of Green Real Estate Investments: Analyzing the Impact of Energy Efficiency on Building Valuation in the Residential Sector," Junior Management Science (JUMS), Junior Management Science e. V., vol. 7(3), pages 802-825.
    2. Sieger, Lisa & Weber, Christoph, 2023. "Inefficient markets for energy efficiency? – The efficiency premium puzzle in the German rental housing market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    3. Maria-Francisca Cespedes-Lopez & Raul-Tomas Mora-Garcia, 2022. "Are Cave Houses a Sustainable Real Estate Alternative?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Niina Leskinen & Jussi Vimpari & Seppo Junnila, 2020. "A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Cespedes-Lopez, Maria-Francisca & Perez-Sanchez, V. Raul & Mora-Garcia, Raul-Tomas, 2022. "The influence of housing location on energy ratings price premium in Alicante, Spain," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Copiello, Sergio, 2017. "Building energy efficiency: A research branch made of paradoxes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1064-1076.
    2. Florian Fizaine Fizaine & Pierre Voye & Catherine Baumont, 2018. "Les études hédoniques soutiennent-elles une valeur verte élevée dans le bâtiment ? Une réponse par la méta-analyse," Post-Print halshs-01957447, HAL.
    3. Taruttis, Lisa & Weber, Christoph, 2022. "Estimating the impact of energy efficiency on housing prices in Germany: Does regional disparity matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    4. Cespedes-Lopez, Maria-Francisca & Perez-Sanchez, V. Raul & Mora-Garcia, Raul-Tomas, 2022. "The influence of housing location on energy ratings price premium in Alicante, Spain," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    5. Khazal, Aras & Sønstebø, Ole Jakob, 2020. "Valuation of energy performance certificates in the rental market – Professionals vs. nonprofessionals," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    6. Luiz de Mello, 2023. "Real Estate in a Post-Pandemic World: How Can Policies Make Housing More Enviromentally Sustainable and Affordable?," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 244(1), pages 111-139, March.
    7. Franz Fuerst & Ben Dalton, 2019. "Gibt es einen wissenschaftlichen Konsens zur Wirtschaftlichkeit nachhaltiger Immobilien? [Is there a scientific consensus on the economic viability of sustainable buildings?]," Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie (German Journal of Real Estate Research), Springer;Gesellschaft für Immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e. V., vol. 5(1), pages 173-191, November.
    8. Andrea Chegut & Piet Eichholtz & Rogier Holtermans & Juan Palacios, 2020. "Energy Efficiency Information and Valuation Practices in Rental Housing," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 181-204, February.
    9. Paloma Taltavull de La Paz & V. Raul Perez-Sanchez & Raul-Tomas Mora-Garcia & Juan-Carlos Perez-Sanchez, 2019. "Green Premium Evidence from Climatic Areas: A Case in Southern Europe, Alicante (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-29, January.
    10. März, Steven & Stelk, Ines & Stelzer, Franziska, 2022. "Are tenants willing to pay for energy efficiency? Evidence from a small-scale spatial analysis in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    11. Andreas Mense, 2018. "The Value of Energy Efficiency and the Role of Expected Heating Costs," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 71(3), pages 671-701, November.
    12. Fuerst, Franz & Warren-Myers, Georgia, 2018. "Does voluntary disclosure create a green lemon problem? Energy-efficiency ratings and house prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1-12.
    13. Florian Fizaine & Pierre Voye & Catherine Baumont, 2018. "Does the Literature Support a High Willingness to Pay for Green Label Buildings? An Answer with Treatment of Publication Bias," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 128(5), pages 1013-1046.
    14. Sieger, Lisa & Weber, Christoph, 2023. "Inefficient markets for energy efficiency? – The efficiency premium puzzle in the German rental housing market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Ou, Yunbei & Bailey, Nick & McArthur, David Philip & Zhao, Qunshan, 2024. "The Price Premium of Residential Energy Performance Certificates: A Scoping Review of the European Literature," OSF Preprints bm9xk, Center for Open Science.
    16. Reusens, Peter & Vastmans, Frank & Damen, Sven, 2023. "A new framework to disentangle the impact of changes in dwelling characteristics on house price indices," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    17. Giraudet, Louis-Gaëtan, 2020. "Energy efficiency as a credence good: A review of informational barriers to energy savings in the building sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    18. Pasichnyi, Oleksii & Wallin, Jörgen & Levihn, Fabian & Shahrokni, Hossein & Kordas, Olga, 2019. "Energy performance certificates — New opportunities for data-enabled urban energy policy instruments?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 486-499.
    19. Zalejska Jonsson, Agnieszka, 2018. "The Relationship between Environmental Factors and Purchasing Decisions in the Residential Market," Working Paper Series 18/1, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Banking and Finance.
    20. Lu Zhang & Lennart Stangenberg & Sjors van Wickeren, 2020. "The information value of energy labels: Evidence from the Dutch residential housing market," CPB Discussion Paper 413, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6303-:d:285345. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.