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Club‐convergence and polarization of states

Author

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  • Sabyasachi Kar
  • Debajit Jha
  • Alpana Kateja

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of the distribution of per capita income of Indian states in the post‐reform period, in order to identify trends towards convergence‐club formation, polarization or stratification during this period. Design/methodology/approach - The authors adopt the “distribution dynamics” framework that involves estimating kernel density functions, stochastic kernels and ergodic distributions in order to identify these trends. Findings - The results show that there is polarization in India in the post‐reform period and this is due to the contrary growth dynamics of the middle‐income states resulting in the “vanishing middle” of the distribution. Originality/value - This is the first study that highlights the contrary growth dynamics among the middle‐income states as the driving force behind the polarization of Indian states in the post‐reform period.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabyasachi Kar & Debajit Jha & Alpana Kateja, 2011. "Club‐convergence and polarization of states," Indian Growth and Development Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(1), pages 53-72, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:igdrpp:v:4:y:2011:i:1:p:53-72
    DOI: 10.1108/17538251111125007
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    3. Carlos Mendez-Guerra, 2018. "On the distribution dynamics of human development: Evidence from the metropolitan regions of Bolivia," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 38(4), pages 2467-2475.
    4. Fernanda Andrade de Xavier & Aparna P. Lolayekar & Pranab Mukhopadhyay, 2021. "Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(1), pages 130-151, April.
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    6. Rao, N. Chandrasekhara, 2015. "Disadvantaged Regions and Social Groups: Is There a Way Out?," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 70(3), pages 1-12.
    7. Das, Samarjit & Ghate, Chetan & Robertson, Peter E., 2015. "Remoteness, Urbanization, and India’s Unbalanced Growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 572-587.
    8. Sushil Kr. Haldar & Sulekha Hembram & Suraj Das, 2023. "Multidimensional Human Deprivation in India: Does Club Convergence Exist?," Millennial Asia, , vol. 14(2), pages 200-227, June.
    9. Carlos Mendez-Guerra, 2017. "Heterogeneous Growth and Regional (Di)Convergence in Bolivia: A Distribution Dynamics Approach," Economia Coyuntural,Revista de temas de perspectivas y coyuntura, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales 'Jose Ortiz Mercado' (IIES-JOM), Facultad de Ciencias Economicas, Administrativas y Financieras, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, vol. 2(4), pages 81-108.
    10. Aparna Lolayekar & Pranab Mukhopadhyay, 2017. "Growth Convergence and Regional Inequality in India (1981–2012)," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 15(2), pages 307-328, June.
    11. Sulekha Hembram & Souparna Maji & Sushil Kr. Haldar, 2019. "Club Convergence among the Major Indian States During 1982–2014: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 20(2), pages 184-204, September.
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    14. Jaunky, Vishal Chandr, 2013. "Divergence in technical efficiency of electric utilities: Evidence from the SAPP," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 419-430.

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