IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/quaeco/v64y2017icp120-129.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does the form of ownership affect firm performance? Evidence from US bank profit efficiency before and during the financial crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Akhigbe, Aigbe
  • McNulty, James E.
  • Stevenson, Bradley A.

Abstract

We examine the effect of the form of ownership on the profit efficiency of bank holding companies (BHCs) before and during the US financial crisis. For the pre-crisis period, the difference in profit efficiency between privately held and publicly traded BHCs is small. For the crisis period there is no statistically significant difference. These unexpected results suggest that agency issues do not affect the relative profit efficiency of private and public BHCs, or more likely, that these are offset by pressures for efficiency from capital markets and managerial labor markets and the advantages of specialization, a very important consideration in commercial banking.

Suggested Citation

  • Akhigbe, Aigbe & McNulty, James E. & Stevenson, Bradley A., 2017. "Does the form of ownership affect firm performance? Evidence from US bank profit efficiency before and during the financial crisis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 120-129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:64:y:2017:i:c:p:120-129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2016.07.015
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S106297691630062X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.qref.2016.07.015?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mercan, Muhammet & Reisman, Arnold & Yolalan, Reha & Emel, Ahmet Burak, 2003. "The effect of scale and mode of ownership on the financial performance of the Turkish banking sector: results of a DEA-based analysis," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 185-202, September.
    2. Joseph P. Hughes & William W. Lang & Loretta J. Mester & Choon-Geol Moon, 1996. "Efficient banking under interstate branching," Proceedings, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), pages 1045-1075.
    3. Akhigbe, Aigbe & McNulty, James E., 2003. "The profit efficiency of small US commercial banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 307-325, February.
    4. Ihsan Isik & M. Kabir Hassan, 2003. "Efficiency, Ownership and Market Structure, Corporate Control and Governance in the Turkish Banking Industry," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(9‐10), pages 1363-1421, December.
    5. Mitchell, Karlyn & Onvural, Nur M, 1996. "Economies of Scale and Scope at Large Commercial Banks: Evidence from the Fourier Flexible Functional Form," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 28(2), pages 178-199, May.
    6. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    7. Saunders, Anthony & Strock, Elizabeth & Travlos, Nickolaos G, 1990. "Ownership Structure, Deregulation, and Bank Risk Taking," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(2), pages 643-654, June.
    8. Emilia Peni & Sami Vähämaa, 2012. "Did Good Corporate Governance Improve Bank Performance during the Financial Crisis?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 19-35, April.
    9. Rebecca Demsetz & Marc R. Saidenberg & Philip E. Strahan, 1997. "Agency problems and risk taking at banks," Research Paper 9709, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    10. Ayca Kaya & Galina Vereshchagina, 2014. "Partnerships versus Corporations: Moral Hazard, Sorting, and Ownership Structure," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(1), pages 291-307, January.
    11. Altunbas, Yener & Evans, Lynne & Molyneux, Philip, 2001. "Bank Ownership and Efficiency," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 33(4), pages 926-954, November.
    12. Joseph Hughes & William Lang & Loretta Mester & Choon-Geol Moon, 2000. "Recovering Risky Technologies Using the Almost Ideal Demand System: An Application to U.S. Banking," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 18(1), pages 5-27, October.
    13. Tser-Yieth Chen, 1998. "A study of bank efficiency and ownership in Taiwan," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(10), pages 613-616.
    14. Aebi, Vincent & Sabato, Gabriele & Schmid, Markus, 2012. "Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3213-3226.
    15. Ali Ataullah & Hang Le, 2006. "Economic reforms and bank efficiency in developing countries: the case of the Indian banking industry," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(9), pages 653-663.
    16. Adel A. Al‐Sharkas & M. Kabir Hassan & Shari Lawrence, 2008. "The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Efficiency of the US Banking Industry: Further Evidence," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(1‐2), pages 50-70, January.
    17. Berger, Allen N. & Mester, Loretta J., 1997. "Inside the black box: What explains differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(7), pages 895-947, July.
    18. Stiroh, Kevin J., 2000. "How did bank holding companies prosper in the 1990s?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(11), pages 1703-1745, November.
    19. Beltratti, Andrea & Stulz, René M., 2012. "The credit crisis around the globe: Why did some banks perform better?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 1-17.
    20. Sathye, Milind, 2003. "Efficiency of banks in a developing economy: The case of India," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 148(3), pages 662-671, August.
    21. David Hauner, 2005. "Explaining efficiency differences among large German and Austrian banks," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(9), pages 969-980.
    22. Gorton, Gary & Rosen, Richard, 1995. "Corporate Control, Portfolio Choice, and the Decline of Banking," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1377-1420, December.
    23. Adel A. Al‐Sharkas & M. Kabir Hassan & Shari Lawrence, 2008. "The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Efficiency of the US Banking Industry: Further Evidence," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(1‐2), pages 50-70, January.
    24. Joseph P. Hughes & William W. Lang & Loretta J. Mester & Choon-Geol Moon, 1996. "Safety in numbers? Geographic diversification and bank insolvency risk," Working Papers 96-14, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    25. Fama, Eugene F, 1980. "Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(2), pages 288-307, April.
    26. Clark, Jeffrey A & Siems, Thomas F, 2002. "X-Efficiency in Banking: Looking beyond the Balance Sheet," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 34(4), pages 987-1013, November.
    27. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    28. DeYoung, Robert & Hasan, Iftekhar, 1998. "The performance of de novo commercial banks: A profit efficiency approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 565-587, May.
    29. Isik, Ihsan, 2008. "Productivity, technology and efficiency of de novo banks: A counter evidence from Turkey," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 427-442, December.
    30. Rebecca Demsetz & Marc R. Saidenberg & Philip E. Strahan, 1997. "Franchise value, ownership structure, and risk taking at banks," Proceedings 551, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    31. Bauer, Paul W. & Berger, Allen N. & Ferrier, Gary D. & Humphrey, David B., 1998. "Consistency Conditions for Regulatory Analysis of Financial Institutions: A Comparison of Frontier Efficiency Methods," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 85-114, March.
    32. Erkens, David H. & Hung, Mingyi & Matos, Pedro, 2012. "Corporate governance in the 2007–2008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 389-411.
    33. Jondrow, James & Knox Lovell, C. A. & Materov, Ivan S. & Schmidt, Peter, 1982. "On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2-3), pages 233-238, August.
    34. Jean Tirole, 2006. "The Theory of Corporate Finance," Post-Print hal-00173191, HAL.
    35. Franklin Allen, 2001. "Do Financial Institutions Matter?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(4), pages 1165-1175, August.
    36. Pang-tien Lieu & Tsai-lien Yeh & Yung-ho Chiu, 2005. "Off-balance sheet activities and cost inefficiency in Taiwan's Banks," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(7), pages 925-944, October.
    37. Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2002. "Cost and Profit Efficiency of Financial Conglomerates and Universal Banks in Europe," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 34(1), pages 254-282, February.
    38. Fama, Eugene F & Jensen, Michael C, 1983. "Separation of Ownership and Control," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(2), pages 301-325, June.
    39. Forssbæck, Jens, 2011. "Ownership structure, market discipline, and banks' risk-taking incentives under deposit insurance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2666-2678, October.
    40. Emilia Peni & Stanley D. Smith & Sami Vahamaa, 2013. "Bank Corporate Governance and Real Estate Lending During the Financial Crisis," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 35(3), pages 313-344.
    41. Simon H. Kwan, 2004. "Risk and return of publicly held versus privately owned banks," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue Sep, pages 97-107.
    42. David Bholat, 2009. "How Would Adam Smith Fix the Financial Crisis?," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(6), pages 60-78.
    43. McAllister, Patrick H. & McManus, Douglas, 1993. "Resolving the scale efficiency puzzle in banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(2-3), pages 389-405, April.
    44. Sturm, Jan-Egbert & Williams, Barry, 2004. "Foreign bank entry, deregulation and bank efficiency: Lessons from the Australian experience," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 1775-1799, July.
    45. Rebecca Demsetz & Marc R. Saidenberg & Philip E. Strahan, 1997. "Agency problems and risk taking at banks," Staff Reports 29, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    46. DeYoung, Robert & Spong, Kenneth & Sullivan, Richard J., 2001. "Who's minding the store? Motivating and monitoring hired managers at small, closely held commercial banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 1209-1243, July.
    47. Boot, Arnoud W. A., 2000. "Relationship Banking: What Do We Know?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 7-25, January.
    48. Kumbhakar,Subal C. & Lovell,C. A. Knox, 2003. "Stochastic Frontier Analysis," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521666633.
    49. Wang, Wei-Kang & Lu, Wen-Min & Lin, Yi-Ling, 2012. "Does corporate governance play an important role in BHC performance? Evidence from the U.S," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 751-760.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Luca Bellardini & Pierluigi Murro & Daniele Previtali, 2019. "The Risk Weighted Ownership Index: an ex-ante measure of banks' risk and performance," Working Papers CASMEF 1904, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, LUISS Guido Carli.
    2. Hassan, M. Kabir & Karim, M. Sydul & Lawrence, Shari & Risfandy, Tastaftiyan, 2022. "Weathering the COVID-19 storm: The case of community banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    3. Serhat Yuksel & Hasan Dincer & Senol Emir, 2017. "Comparing the performance of Turkish deposit banks by using DEMATEL, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and MOORA approaches," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 3(2), pages 26-47, December.
    4. Riyanka Baral & Debasis Patnaik, 2023. "Bank efficiency and governance: Evidence from Indian banking," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(3), pages 957-985, September.
    5. Günsür, Başak Tanyeri & Bulut, Emre, 2022. "Investor reactions to major events in the sub-prime mortgage crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    6. Gulati, Rachita, 2022. "Global and local banking crises and risk-adjusted efficiency of Indian banks: Are the impacts really perspective-dependent?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 23-39.
    7. Bak Barnaba Chol & Elizabeth Kalunda Nthambi & Joseph N Kamau, 2019. "Ownership structure, bank stability and the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 8(6), pages 31-39, October.
    8. Sami Ben Jabeur & Rabi Belhaj Hassine & Salma Mefteh‐Wali, 2021. "Firm financial performance during the financial crisis: A French case study," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2800-2812, April.
    9. Abd Hadi Mustaffa & Nur Zahidah Bahrudin & Zahariah Sahudin & Hasni Abdullah & Muhammad Ridzuan Abdul Aziz, 2023. "What have we Learned from Firm Efficiency Research for the Past 35 Years? A Bibliometric Analysis," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 15(1), pages 216-227.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Akhigbe, Aigbe & McNulty, James E. & Stevenson, Bradley A., 2013. "How does transparency affect bank financial performance?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 24-30.
    2. Akhigbe, Aigbe & Stevenson, Bradley A., 2010. "Profit efficiency in U.S. BHCs: Effects of increasing non-traditional revenue sources," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 132-140, May.
    3. Akhigbe, Aigbe & McNulty, James E. & Stevenson, Bradley A., 2017. "Additional evidence on transparency and bank financial performance," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-6.
    4. Fethi, Meryem Duygun & Pasiouras, Fotios, 2010. "Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 204(2), pages 189-198, July.
    5. Aigbe Akhigbe & James E. McNulty & Bradley A. Stevenson, 2017. "Additional evidence on transparency and bank financial performance," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 1-6, January.
    6. Robert DeYoung & Kenneth Spong & Richard J. Sullivan, 1999. "Who's minding the store? motivating and monitoring hired managers at small, closely held firms: the case of commercial banks," Working Paper Series WP-99-17, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    7. Iannotta, Giuliano & Nocera, Giacomo & Sironi, Andrea, 2007. "Ownership structure, risk and performance in the European banking industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 2127-2149, July.
    8. Dong, Yizhe & Girardone, Claudia & Kuo, Jing-Ming, 2017. "Governance, efficiency and risk taking in Chinese banking," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 211-229.
    9. DeYoung, Robert & Spong, Kenneth & Sullivan, Richard J., 2001. "Who's minding the store? Motivating and monitoring hired managers at small, closely held commercial banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 1209-1243, July.
    10. Md. Asif Nawaz, 2021. "Impact of Specialization, Ownership Structure, and Size on Cost and Profit Efficiency of US Commercial and Savings Banks," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 11(3), pages 1-4.
    11. Luca Bellardini & Pierluigi Murro & Daniele Previtali, 2019. "The Risk Weighted Ownership Index: an ex-ante measure of banks' risk and performance," Working Papers CASMEF 1904, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, LUISS Guido Carli.
    12. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2015. "Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization," OSF Preprints qsf6d, Center for Open Science.
    13. José Luis Carreño & Gino Loyola & Yolanda Portilla, 2010. "Eficiencia Bancaria en Chile: un Enfoque de Frontera de Beneficios," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 603, Central Bank of Chile.
    14. Hughes, Joseph P. & Lang, William W. & Mester, Loretta J. & Moon, Choon-Geol & Pagano, Michael S., 2003. "Do bankers sacrifice value to build empires? Managerial incentives, industry consolidation, and financial performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 417-447, March.
    15. Joseph P. Hughes & Loretta J. Mester, 2012. "A Primer on Market Discipline and Governance of Financial Institutions for Those in a State of Shocked Disbelief," Departmental Working Papers 201204, Rutgers University, Department of Economics.
    16. Sailesh Tanna & Fotios Pasiouras & Matthias Nnadi, 2011. "The Effect of Board Size and Composition on the Efficiency of UK Banks," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 441-462, November.
    17. Akhigbe, Aigbe & McNulty, James E., 2011. "Bank monitoring, profit efficiency and the commercial lending business model," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 531-551.
    18. Switzer, Lorne N. & Tu, Qiao & Wang, Jun, 2018. "Corporate governance and default risk in financial firms over the post-financial crisis period: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 196-210.
    19. Ahmed Zemzem & Oumeima Kacem, 2014. "Risk Management, Board Characteristics and Performance in the Tunisian Lending Institutions," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 3(1), pages 186-200, January.
    20. Safiullah, Md, 2020. "Bank governance and crisis-period efficiency: A multinational study on Islamic and conventional banks," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    G21; D02; Agency theory; Profit efficiency; Stochastic frontier analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • D02 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:64:y:2017:i:c:p:120-129. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620167 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.