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An examination of green bonds as a hedge and safe haven for international equity markets

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  • Ren, Boru
  • Lucey, Brian
  • Luo, Qirui

Abstract

Green bonds are a type of fixed-income instrument that specifically designed to fund environmentally friendly projects. Investigating the performance of green bonds is essential to gain insights into the risk-return characteristics and dynamics within sustainable finance and their potential role in portfolio diversification. In this paper, we comprehensively examine the ability of green bonds to act as a hedge or a safe haven against nineteen international equity market movements (most of the G20 and Switzerland) over the 2014–2022 period. Using regression analysis, we find that green bonds had acted as a strong hedge for many countries but have lost such property for utmost after the COVID-19 outbreak, while they still provide safe haven benefit for many countries' equity indexes. By the use of a novel CAViaR-based TVP-VAR connectedness approach, we further examine the tail risk spillovers among green bond and international equities which extends the consideration in extreme loss (VaR) perspective. We show that the spillovers rapidly increased during the first wave of COVID-19 and has remained at relatively high level until recent days. In combination of all metrics, we argue that Saudi Arabia might be the only country that has received as good (or even better) protection from green bond in the post-pandemic era as (than) before. Overall, these should increase the attractiveness of green bonds as elements of a portfolio, enhancing the green transition.

Suggested Citation

  • Ren, Boru & Lucey, Brian & Luo, Qirui, 2023. "An examination of green bonds as a hedge and safe haven for international equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:58:y:2023:i:c:s1044028323000893
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2023.100894
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Green bond; Hedge; Safe haven; Spillovers; Connectedness; Stock markets; Uncertainty;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • F3 - International Economics - - International Finance
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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