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Energy supply and use in a rural West African village

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  • Johnson, Nathan G.
  • Bryden, Kenneth M.

Abstract

Over three billion people live in the rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Often rural households have many unmet energy needs, including cooking, lighting, heating, transportation, and telecommunication. Designing solutions to meet these needs requires an understanding of the human, natural, and engineered systems that drive village energy dynamics. This paper presents the results of a novel study of energy supply and use over a one year period in an isolated rural village of 770 people in Mali. Quantitative data and narrative descriptions from this study portray village energy supply and use. Annual village energy use is 6000 MJ cap−1 yr−1. Domestic energy needs account for 93% of village energy use. Wood is the primary energy source and provides 94% of the village energy supply. Approximately 98% of the wood is used for domestic consumption. The uses of wood in the home are cooking (52.2%), heating water (22.2%), space heating (19.1%), and other activities (6.5%). This paper also reports variations in energy usage over the period of a year for a broad range of domestic, artisan, transport, and public energy uses.

Suggested Citation

  • Johnson, Nathan G. & Bryden, Kenneth M., 2012. "Energy supply and use in a rural West African village," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 283-292.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:43:y:2012:i:1:p:283-292
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.028
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    9. Jean Hugues Nlom & Aziz A. Karimov, 2015. "Modeling Fuel Choice among Households in Northern Cameroon," Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 7(8), pages 1-11, July.
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    11. Agurto Adrianzén, Marcos, 2013. "Improved cooking stoves and firewood consumption: Quasi-experimental evidence from the Northern Peruvian Andes," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 135-143.
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    14. Carrasco, L.M. & Martín-Campo, F.J. & Narvarte, L. & Ortuño, M.T. & Vitoriano, B., 2016. "Design of maintenance structures for rural electrification with solar home systems. The case of the Moroccan program," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P1), pages 47-57.
    15. Grabher, Harald F. & Erb, Karlheinz & Singh, Simron & Haberl, Helmut, 2024. "Household energy systems based on biomass: Tracing material flows from source to service in rural Ethiopia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    16. Jean Hugues Nlom & Aziz A. Karimov, 2014. "Modeling Fuel Choice Among Households in Northern Cameroon," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-038, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    17. Riva, Fabio & Gardumi, Francesco & Tognollo, Annalisa & Colombo, Emanuela, 2019. "Soft-linking energy demand and optimisation models for local long-term electricity planning: An application to rural India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 32-46.
    18. Kwofie, E.M. & Ngadi, M., 2016. "Sustainable energy supply for local rice parboiling in West Africa: The potential of rice husk," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1409-1418.
    19. Domegni, K.M.S. & Azouma, Y.O., 2022. "Productive uses of energy: A solution for promoting energy justice in rural areas in West Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    20. Papada, Lefkothea & Kaliampakos, Dimitris, 2016. "Developing the energy profile of mountainous areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 205-214.
    21. Trotter, Philipp A. & McManus, Marcelle C. & Maconachie, Roy, 2017. "Electricity planning and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1189-1209.
    22. Nerini, Francesco Fuso & Broad, Oliver & Mentis, Dimitris & Welsch, Manuel & Bazilian, Morgan & Howells, Mark, 2016. "A cost comparison of technology approaches for improving access to electricity services," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 255-265.
    23. Paleta, Rita & Pina, André & Silva, Carlos A., 2012. "Remote Autonomous Energy Systems Project: Towards sustainability in developing countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 431-439.
    24. Hakizimana, Jean de Dieu K. & Kim, Hyung-Taek, 2016. "Peat briquette as an alternative to cooking fuel: A techno-economic viability assessment in Rwanda," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 453-464.

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