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Integration of the global carbon markets

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  • Mizrach, Bruce

Abstract

This paper analyzes the market architecture and common factors of emission reduction instruments in Europe and North America. Spot and futures prices across exchanges in Europe are cointegrated, but the futures curve beyond the calendar year evolves independently. Despite narrower spreads, political uncertainties about the Clean Development Mechanism have kept EUA and CER prices from converging. RGGI allowances share a common trend with EUA, and the European markets adjust to the U.S. price trend. A $0:10 shock to RGGI prices leads to a one-month $0:64 cumulative increase in EUA prices. The introduction of cap and trade legislation in the U.S. has broken a cointegrating relationship in voluntary prices. Voluntary instruments that are convertible into mandatory allowances imply less than a 20% probability of price convergence between the U.S. and Europe by 2013.

Suggested Citation

  • Mizrach, Bruce, 2012. "Integration of the global carbon markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 335-349.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:34:y:2012:i:1:p:335-349
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.10.011
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    Cited by:

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    6. Karishma Ansaram & Paolo Mazza, 2022. "Dependence structure among carbon markets around the world: New evidence from GARCH-copula analysis," Working Papers 2022-ACF-03, IESEG School of Management.
    7. Eunyoung Kim & Youngcheul Ahn & Doojin Ryu, 2014. "Application of the Carbon Emission Pricing Model in the Korean Market," Energy & Environment, , vol. 25(1), pages 63-78, February.
    8. Beat Hintermann & Marc Gronwald, 2019. "Linking with Uncertainty: The Relationship Between EU ETS Pollution Permits and Kyoto Offsets," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(2), pages 761-784, October.
    9. Lyu, Chenyan & Scholtens, Bert, 2024. "Integration of the international carbon market: A time-varying analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    10. Lucia, Julio J. & Mansanet-Bataller, Maria & Pardo, Ángel, 2015. "Speculative and hedging activities in the European carbon market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 342-351.
    11. Broadstock, David C. & Fouquet, Roger & Kim, Jeong Won, 2025. "Carbon pricing and stock performance: are carbon prices already more influential than energy prices?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 128928, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Yves Rannou & Pascal Barneto & Mohamed Amine Boutabba, 2020. "Green Bond market vs. Carbon market in Europe : Two different trajectories but some complementarities," Working Papers hal-02981422, HAL.
    13. Yi Yao & Lixin Tian & Guangxi Cao, 2022. "The Information Spillover among the Carbon Market, Energy Market, and Stock Market: A Case Study of China’s Pilot Carbon Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Vicente Medina Martínez & Ángel Pardo Tornero & Roberto Pascual, 2012. "The timeline of trading fricions in the European Carbon Market," Working Papers. Serie AD 2012-05, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
    15. Koop, Gary & Tole, Lise, 2013. "Modeling the relationship between European carbon permits and certified emission reductions," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 166-181.
    16. Medina, Vicente & Pardo, Ángel & Pascual, Roberto, 2014. "The timeline of trading frictions in the European carbon market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 378-394.
    17. Lyu, Chenyan, 2021. "Regional Carbon Markets in China: Cointegration and Heterogeneity," Working Papers 13-2021, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics.
    18. Kapoor, Nimisha & Ghosh, Sajal, 2014. "Long-term association between European and Indian markets on carbon credit price," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 656-662.
    19. Yue-Jun Zhang, 2016. "Research on carbon emission trading mechanisms: current status and future possibilities," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 39(1/2), pages 89-107.
    20. Schultz, Emma & Swieringa, John, 2014. "Catalysts for price discovery in the European Union Emissions Trading System," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 112-122.
    21. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Sharma, Susan Sunila, 2015. "Is carbon emissions trading profitable?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 84-92.
    22. Mazza, Paolo & Petitjean, Mikael, 2015. "How integrated is the European carbon derivatives market?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 18-30.
    23. Rikun Wen & Shenjun Qi & Ahmad Jrade, 2016. "Simulation and Assessment of Whole Life-Cycle Carbon Emission Flows from Different Residential Structures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-15, August.
    24. Balcılar, Mehmet & Demirer, Rıza & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2016. "Risk spillovers across the energy and carbon markets and hedging strategies for carbon risk," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 159-172.
    25. Hieronymi, Philipp & Schüller, David, 2015. "The Clean-Development Mechanism, stochastic permit prices and energy investments," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 25-36.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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