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Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A replication

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  • Chen, Qiaowen
  • Zhang, Erhua

Abstract

Acheampong (2018) conducted an empirical study to examine the relationships among economic growth, energy use, and CO2 emissions, revealing that economic growth does not significantly cause energy use but significantly reduces CO2 emissions. However, Acheampong's (2018) empirical analysis has some notable flaws. First, applying logarithmic transformations results in many missing values, diminishing the sample size non-randomly and potentially introducing bias into the empirical results. Second, the first difference of the logarithm of the GDP growth rate, which corresponds to the second-order change of economic scale, is misused in estimating the model. Most importantly, the improper selection of indicators and the first difference treatment prevent the coefficients from accurately capturing the relationships of interest. This article aims to replicate the empirical study of Acheampong (2018) while addressing these limitations. Our findings indicate a significant positive relationship between economic growth and energy use, as well as between economic growth and CO2 emissions.

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  • Chen, Qiaowen & Zhang, Erhua, 2025. "Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A replication," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:147:y:2025:i:c:s0140988325003627
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108538
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