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The variability and volatility of sleep: An ARCHetypal behavior

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  • Hamermesh, Daniel S.
  • Pfann, Gerard A.

Abstract

Using 1975–2005 Dutch time-diary data covering over 10,000 respondents for 7 consecutive days each, we show that sleep time exhibits non-constant variability, or volatility, characterized by stationary autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity: The absolute values of deviations from a person’s average sleep on one day are positively correlated with those on adjacent days. Sleep is more variable on weekends and among younger people, those without young children, or with less education. Volatility is greater among parents with young children, slightly greater among men, but independent of other demographics. Economic incentives to minimize the dispersion of sleep imply higher-wage workers will exhibit less dispersion, which we observe. Sleep volatility spills over onto volatility in other personal activities, with no reverse causation onto sleep. The results illustrate a novel dimension of inequality among people and could be applied to a wide variety of human behavior and biological processes.

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  • Hamermesh, Daniel S. & Pfann, Gerard A., 2022. "The variability and volatility of sleep: An ARCHetypal behavior," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ehbiol:v:47:y:2022:i:c:s1570677x22000715
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101175
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    Cited by:

    1. Joan Costa-Font, 2022. "Incentivizing sleep?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 502-502, November.
    2. Yi Fan & Diana M. Weinhold, 2022. "Urban noise, sleep disruption and health," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(50), pages 5782-5799, October.
    3. Conlin, Andrew & Nerg, Iiro & Ala-Mursula, Leena & Räihä, Tapio & Korhonen, Marko, 2023. "The association between chronotype and wages at mid-age," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Time use; ARCH; Economic incentives in biological processes; Volatility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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