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Breaking the Early Bell: Lessons from the First Statewide Mandate on School Start Times

Author

Listed:
  • Dou, Jialu

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Gihleb, Rania

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Giuntella, Osea

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Lonsky, Jakub

    (University of Edinburgh)

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of California’s SB 328, the first statewide mandate delaying school start times for middle and high schools, on adolescent sleep, mental health, and academic outcomes. Using YRBS, ATUS, SEDA, and SAT data, we apply difference-in-differences and matched DID methods. SB 328 led to significant improvements in sleep duration and academic performance. We find suggestive mental health benefits, though estimates are imprecise, and substantial heterogeneity in effects, with stronger gains among boys and Hispanic students across both sleep and academic outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Dou, Jialu & Gihleb, Rania & Giuntella, Osea & Lonsky, Jakub, 2025. "Breaking the Early Bell: Lessons from the First Statewide Mandate on School Start Times," IZA Discussion Papers 17930, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17930
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mental Health; Sleep; School Start Times; Academic Achievement;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General

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    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

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