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A Theory on the Role of Wholesalers in International Trade based on Economies of Scope

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Defever, Fabrice & Imbruno, Michele & Kneller, Richard, 2020. "Trade liberalization, input intermediaries and firm productivity: Evidence from China," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  2. Carl Gaigné & Karine Latouche & Stéphane Turolla, 2015. "Vertical ownership and export performance: firm-level evidence from France," Working Papers SMART 15-07, INRAE UMR SMART.
  3. Christian Volpe Martincus, 2016. "Out of the Border Labyrinth: An Assessment of Trade Facilitation Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 96856, February.
  4. Fergal McCann, 2013. "Indirect Exporters," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 519-535, December.
  5. Fauth Matthias & Jung Benjamin & Kohler Wilhelm, 2023. "German Firms in International Trade: Evidence from Recent Microdata," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 243(3-4), pages 199-284, June.
  6. Emily Blanchard & Tatyana Chesnokova & Gerald Willmann, 2017. "Private labels and exports: trading variety for volume," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 153(3), pages 545-572, August.
  7. Guo, Qi & Zhang, Peng & Zhu, Shengjun & Liu, Junyang, 2023. "Export market relatedness, geographical diversification and regional export growth in China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 336-346.
  8. Parisa Kamali, 2019. "Exporting Through Intermediaries: Impact on Export Dynamics and Welfare," IMF Working Papers 2019/302, International Monetary Fund.
  9. Volpe Martincus, Christian, 2016. "Out of the Border Labyrinth: An Assessment of Trade Facilitation Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 7994.
  10. Virtanen, Yuan & Jiang, Yan & You, Weimu & Cai, Helen Huifen, 2023. "International intermediaries: A systematic literature review and research agenda," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 932-949.
  11. Andrew B. Bernard & J. Bradford Jensen & Stephen J. Redding & Peter K. Schott, 2012. "The Empirics of Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 4(1), pages 283-313, July.
  12. Andrew B. Bernard & Marco Grazzi & Chiara Tomasi, 2010. "Intermediaries in International Trade: direct versus indirect modes of export," LEM Papers Series 2010/19, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
  13. Kiyoyasu Tanaka, 2015. "Firm Heterogeneity and FDI in Distribution Services," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(8), pages 1295-1311, August.
  14. Emily Blanchard & Tatyana Chesnokova & Gerald Willmann, 2013. "Private Labels and International Trade: Trading Variety for Volume," CESifo Working Paper Series 4133, CESifo.
  15. Ayumu TANAKA, 2013. "Firm Productivity and Exports in the Wholesale Sector: Evidence from Japan," Discussion papers 13007, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  16. Andrew B Bernard & Emily J Blanchard & Ilke Van Beveren & Hylke Vandenbussche, 2019. "Carry-Along Trade," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 86(2), pages 526-563.
  17. Ra'ul M'inguez & Asier Minondo, 2026. "How firms export: product assignment, export platforms, and hybrid firms," Papers 2606.18684, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2026.
  18. Sandra Poncet & Meina Xu, 2018. "Quality screening and trade intermediaries: Evidence from China," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 223-256, February.
  19. Zhan Qu & Horst Raff & Nicolas Schmitt, 2015. "Inventory Control and Intermediation in Global Supply Chains," CESifo Working Paper Series 5269, CESifo.
  20. Erbahar, Aksel & Rebeyrol, Vincent, 2023. "Trade intermediation by producers," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
  21. Tadashi Ito & Yukiko Umeno Saito, 2021. "Indirect trade and direct trade: Evidence from Japanese firm transaction data," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 444-461, February.
  22. Ito, Tadashi & Tanaka, Ayumu, 2022. "FDI, ownership structure, and productivity," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  23. Nunn, Nathan & Trefler, Daniel, 2014. "Domestic Institutions as a Source of Comparative Advantage," Handbook of International Economics, in: Gopinath, G. & Helpman, . & Rogoff, K. (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 0, pages 263-315, Elsevier.
  24. Tian, Wei & Wu, Xinhong, 2024. "Distribution margins and distribution-oriented FDI: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  25. Virginia Di Nino, 2015. "�The phenomenal CAT�: firms clawing the goods of others," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 281, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  26. Carballo, Jerónimo & Schaur, Georg & Volpe Martincus, Christian, 2016. "Posts as Trade Facilitators," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 7681, Inter-American Development Bank.
  27. Ahn, JaeBin & Khandelwal, Amit K. & Wei, Shang-Jin, 2011. "The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 73-85, May.
  28. Liu, Xuepeng & Shi, Huimin & Ferrantino, Michael, 2016. "Tax evasion through trade intermediation: Evidence from Chinese exporters," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 518-535.
  29. Horst Raff & Nicolas Schmitt, 2012. "Imports and the structure of retail markets," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(4), pages 1431-1455, November.
  30. Trang T. Hoang, 2022. "The Dynamics of Global Sourcing," International Finance Discussion Papers 1337, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  31. Gaigne, Carl & Latouche, Karine & Turolla, Stephane, 2012. "Vertical Ownership and Trade: Firm-level evidence from France," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 125020, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  32. Fulvio Castellacci, 2014. "Service Firms Heterogeneity, International Collaborations and Export Participation," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 259-285, June.
  33. Chan, Jackie M.L., 2019. "Financial frictions and trade intermediation: Theory and evidence," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 567-593.
  34. Jože Damijan & Jozef Konings & Sašo Polanec, 2013. "Pass-on trade: why do firms simultaneously engage in two-way trade in the same varieties?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 149(1), pages 85-111, March.
  35. Duan, Jianhua & Xuefeng, Qian & Das, Kuntal K. & Meriluoto, Laura & Reed, W. Robert, 2020. "A replication of "The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade" (Journal of International Economics, 2011)," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, vol. 14, pages 1-30.
  36. Michele Imbruno, 2014. "Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs and Firm Efficiency: Direct versus Indirect Modes of Import," Discussion Papers 2014-02, University of Nottingham, GEP.
  37. Jerónimo Carballo & Georg Schaur & Christian Volpe Martincus, 2016. "Posts as Trade Facilitators," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 94576, Inter-American Development Bank.
  38. Raff, Horst & Trofimenko, Natalia, 2013. "World market access of emerging-market firms: The role of foreign ownership and access to external finance," Kiel Working Papers 1848, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  39. Ronald B. Davies & Tine Jeppesen, 2012. "Export mode, Trade Costs, and Productivity Sorting," Working Papers 201225, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
  40. Carballo, Jerónimo & Rodriguez Chatruc, Marisol & Salas Santa, Catalina & Volpe Martincus, Christian, 2022. "Online business platforms and international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  41. Matthias Fauth & Benjamin Jung & Wilhelm Kohler, 2023. "German Firms in International Trade: Evidence from Recent Microdata," CESifo Working Paper Series 10523, CESifo.
  42. repec:idb:brikps:7994 is not listed on IDEAS
  43. Tsuyoshi Toshimitsu, 2019. "Trade Intermediaries, the Choice of Export Mode, and the “Learning-By-Exporting” Hypothesis," Discussion Paper Series 190, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University.
  44. Tanaka, Ayumu, 2013. "The causal effects of exporting on domestic workers: A firm-level analysis using Japanese data," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 13-23.
  45. Jacopo Timini, 2018. "The drivers of Italian exports and product market entry: 1862-1913 (Updated August 2020)," Working Papers 1836, Banco de España, revised Aug 2020.
  46. Sun, Meng, 2021. "The Internet and SME Participation in Exports," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  47. Bernard, Andrew & Redding, Stephen & Schott, Peter & Jensen, J Bradford, 2010. "Wholesalers and Retailers in US Trade (Long Version)," CEPR Discussion Papers 7642, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  48. Marco Grazzi & Chiara Tomasi, 2014. "Productivity Sorting and Mode of Export," LEM Papers Series 2014/25, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
  49. Andreas Hoefele & Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr & Zhihong Yu, 2016. "Payment choice in international trade: Theory and evidence from cross-country firm-level data," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 49(1), pages 296-319, February.
  50. William Connell & Emmanuel Dhyne & Hylke Vandenbussche, 2019. "Learning about demand abroad from wholesalers: a B2B analysis," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven 643224, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
  51. Oscar Perello, 2025. "Trade Intermediation and Resilience in Global Sourcing," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2503, CEPREMAP.
  52. Horst Raff & Nicolas Schmitt, 2016. "Manufacturers and retailers in the global economy," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(2), pages 685-706, May.
  53. Nucci, Francesco & Pietrovito, Filomena & Pozzolo, Alberto Franco, 2023. "Intermediated trade and credit constraints: The case of firm’s imports," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 201-220.
  54. Bai, Xue & Krishna, Kala & Ma, Hong, 2017. "How you export matters: Export mode, learning and productivity in China," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 122-137.
  55. Emmanuel Dhyne & Stela Rubínová, 2016. "The supplier network of exporters : Connecting the dots," Working Paper Research 296, National Bank of Belgium.
  56. Ito, Tadashi & Nakamura, Ryohei & Morita, Manabu, 2021. "Wholesalers, indirect exports, geography, and economies of scope: Evidence from firm transaction data in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  57. Zhang, Yi & Liu, Chun & Wang, Ting, 2020. "Direct or indirect? The impact of political connections on export mode of Chinese private enterprises," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  58. Marco Grazzi & Chiara Tomasi, 2016. "Indirect exporters and importers," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 152(2), pages 251-281, May.
  59. Sergei Golovan & Natalya Volchkova, 2022. "How costly is exporting? An empirical assessment of trade model with heterogeneous firms," Applied Econometrics, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 68, pages 93-116.
  60. Tianle Song, 2022. "Quality Disclosure and Product Selection," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(2), pages 323-346, June.
  61. Gabor Bekes & Balázs Murakozy, 2015. "The ladder of foreign sales: Internationalization modes of European firms," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS 1527, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
  62. Pol Antràs & Arnaud Costinot, 2011. "Intermediated Trade," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(3), pages 1319-1374.
  63. Hege Medin, 2022. "Why do firms import via merchants in entrepôt countries rather than directly from the source?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 854-884, August.
  64. Sharat Ganapati, 2025. "The Modern Wholesaler: Global Sourcing, Domestic Distribution, and Scale Economies," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 17(1), pages 1-40, February.
  65. Jennifer Abel-Koch, 2013. "Who Uses Intermediaries in International Trade? Evidence from Firm-level Survey Data," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(8), pages 1041-1064, August.
  66. Chen, Yi-Fan & Peng, Shin-Kun & Tsai, Tsung-Sheng, 2021. "The market structures in trade intermediation with heterogeneous manufacturing firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 501-523.
  67. Jin Guo & Tetsuji Tanaka, 2020. "Dynamic Transmissions and Volatility Spillovers between Global Price and U.S. Producer Price in Agricultural Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, April.
  68. Andrew B. Bernard & J. Bradford Jensen & Stephen J. Redding & Peter K. Schott, 2010. "Wholesalers and Retailers in US Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(2), pages 408-413, May.
  69. Ayumu TANAKA, 2011. "Multinationals in the Services and Manufacturing Sectors: A firm-level analysis using Japanese data," Discussion papers 11059, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  70. Jože P. Damijan & Jozef Konings & Sašo Polanec, 2014. "Import Churning and Export Performance of Multi-product Firms," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(11), pages 1483-1506, November.
  71. Marco Grazzi, 2012. "Export and Firm Performance: Evidence on Productivity and Profitability of Italian Companies," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 413-444, December.
  72. Sebastian Krautheim, 2013. "Export‐supporting FDI," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 46(4), pages 1571-1605, November.
  73. Chen, Natalie & Juvenal, Luciana, 2018. "Quality and the Great Trade Collapse," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 59-76.
  74. Aitor Garmendia-Lazcano & Ra'ul M'inguez & Asier Minondo, 2026. "Reassessing the role of intermediaries in exports," Papers 2606.18719, arXiv.org.
  75. Patricia Sourdin & Richard Pomfret, 2012. "Trade Facilitation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14596.
  76. Hege Medin, 2021. "Customs brokers as intermediaries in international trade," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(2), pages 295-322, May.
  77. James M. Harrison & Darrell J. Glaser, 2025. "Hurdles to hops: How self‐distribution laws affect craft brewery output," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 43(2), pages 292-318, April.
  78. Andrew B. Bernard & Ilke Van Beveren & Hylke Vandenbussche, 2010. "Multi-product exporters, carry-along trade and the margins of trade," Working Paper Research 203, National Bank of Belgium.
  79. Jianhua Duan & Xuefeng Qian & Kuntal K. Das & Laura Meriluoto & W. Robert Reed, 2019. "Further Tests of Ahn, Khandelwal, and Wei’s (2011) Model of Intermediated Trade," Working Papers in Economics 19/02, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
  80. Gabriel Felbermayr & Benjamin Jung, 2011. "Trade Intermediation and the Organization of Exporters," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(4), pages 634-648, September.
  81. Jackie M.L. Chan, 2015. "Trade Intermediation, Financial Frictions, and the Gains from Trade," Discussion Papers 15-009, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
  82. Crozet, Matthieu & Lalanne, Guy & Poncet, Sandra, 2013. "Wholesalers in international trade," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1-17.
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