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Private citizen suits and public enforcement: Substitutes or complements?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Choy, Stacey & Jiang, Shushu & Liao, Scott & Wang, Emma, 2024. "Public environmental enforcement and private lender monitoring: Evidence from environmental covenants," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2).
  2. Larcom Shaun & Swanson Timothy, 2015. "Documenting Legal Dissonance: Legal Pluralism in Papua New Guinea," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 25-50, March.
  3. Ross Hickey & Steeve Mongrain & Joanne Roberts & Tanguy van Ypersele, 2021. "Private protection and public policing," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 23(1), pages 5-28, February.
  4. Mary F. Evans, 2016. "The Clean Air Act Watch List: An Enforcement and Compliance Natural Experiment," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(3), pages 627-665.
  5. Sheila Olmstead & Jiameng Zheng, 2019. "Policy Instruments for Water Pollution Control in Developing Countries," World Bank Publications - Reports 33072, The World Bank Group.
  6. Yaru Tang & Mengdi Liu & Fan Xia & Bing Zhang, 2024. "Informal regulation by nongovernmental organizations enhances corporate compliance: Evidence from a nationwide randomized controlled trial in China," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 234-257, January.
  7. Xu, Yong & Li, Shanshan & Zhou, Xiaoxiao & Shahzad, Umer & Zhao, Xin, 2022. "How environmental regulations affect the development of green finance: Recent evidence from polluting firms in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 917-926.
  8. Zhang, Hua & Xu, Tiantian & Feng, Chao, 2022. "Does public participation promote environmental efficiency? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of environmental information disclosure in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  9. Vaz, João & Coria, Jessica & Inkinen, Ville, 2026. "Environmental offsetting: What drives the choice of offset mechanism in the US Wetland Mitigation Program?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
  10. Delin Meng & Yanxi Li & Lan Wang, 2024. "Seeking legitimacy? “Ownerless” companies and environmental performance," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 27375-27408, November.
  11. Liu, Duan & Chen, Chang & Yao, Shujie & Yu, Nizhou, 2025. "Environmental litigation risk premium in corporate equity financing costs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  12. Aaron A. Elrod & Serkan Karadas & Katherine C. Theyson, 2019. "The effect of gubernatorial political parties on monitoring and enforcement of federal environmental regulation: evidence from the Clean Water Act," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 21(2), pages 171-202, April.
  13. Tan, Yan & Uprasen, Utai, 2022. "The effect of foreign direct investment on renewable energy consumption subject to the moderating effect of environmental regulation: Evidence from the BRICS countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P2), pages 135-149.
  14. Qi Wang & Junqi Liu, 2023. "Demand-side and traditional environmental regulations in green construction: the moderating role of CNSC and SOE intensity," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6897-6938, July.
  15. Ding, Congming & Chen, Zhiyuan & Ma, Qiucen, 2025. "Traditional clans and environmental governance: Evidence from China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
  16. Louie Rivers & Tamara Dempsey & Jade Mitchell & Carole Gibbs, 2015. "Environmental Regulation and Enforcement: Structures, Processes and the Use of Data for Fraud Detection," Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(04), pages 1-29, December.
  17. Yanchao Feng & Rongbing Huang & Yidong Chen & Guoshuo Sui, 2024. "Assessing the moderating effect of environmental regulation on the process of media reports affecting enterprise investment inefficiency in China," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
  18. Zach Raff, 2023. "Identifying the regulator’s objective: Does political support matter?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 194(3), pages 277-295, March.
  19. Lopamudra Chakraborti, 2020. "Effects of Water Quality Monitoring on Plant-Level Pollution: Evidence from the Clean Water Act," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 96(3), pages 349-365.
  20. Zhao, Congyu & Dong, Kangyin & Wang, Kun & Dong, Xiucheng, 2022. "How does energy trilemma eradication reduce carbon emissions? The role of dual environmental regulation for China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
  21. Wang Yuxing & Ye Wenhui & Wang Bichun, 2024. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Technological Innovation of Enterprises: Based on Empirical Evidences of the Implementation of Pollution Charges in China," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, January.
  22. Tao, Yunqing & Wang, Dianjie & Ye, Yongwei & Wu, Haitao & Zhang, Yao, 2023. "The role of public environmental concern on corporate social responsibility: Evidence from search index of web users," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
  23. Maria R. Ibanez & Michael W. Toffel, 2020. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food-Safety Inspections," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(6), pages 2396-2416, June.
  24. Shiwang Yu & Jianxia Bao & Wen Ding & Xue Chen & Xiaonan Tang & Jianli Hao & Wei Zhang & Prateek Singh, 2021. "Investigating the Relationship between Public Satisfaction and Public Environmental Participation during Government Treatment of Urban Malodorous Black River in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
  25. Alm, James & Shimshack, Jay, 2014. "Environmental Enforcement and Compliance: Lessons from Pollution, Safety, and Tax Settings," Foundations and Trends(R) in Microeconomics, now publishers, vol. 10(4), pages 209-274, December.
  26. Youyuan Zheng & Zhou Zhou & Fan Zhou, 2024. "The Non-Linear Effect of Dual Environmental Regulation on Urban Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from 284 Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-22, June.
  27. Weicheng Xu & Hanxia Li, 2024. "Can Digital Finance Enable China’s Industrial Carbon Unlocking under Environmental Regulatory Constraints? Joint Tests of Regression Analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-37, May.
  28. Na Zhang & Jinqian Deng & Fayyaz Ahmad & Muhammad Umar Draz, 2020. "Local Government Competition and Regional Green Development in China: The Mediating Role of Environmental Regulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-22, May.
  29. Colmer, Jonathan Mark & Evans, Mary F. & Shimshack, Jay, 2023. "Environmental citizen complaints," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121326, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  30. Fushuai Wang & Wenxia Cai & Ehsan Elahi, 2021. "Do Green Finance and Environmental Regulation Play a Crucial Role in the Reduction of CO 2 Emissions? An Empirical Analysis of 126 Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
  31. Fenfen Shi & Rijia Ding & Heqing Li & Suli Hao, 2022. "Environmental Regulation, Digital Financial Inclusion, and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Study Based on the Spatial Spillover Effect and Panel Threshold Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-28, June.
  32. Ren, Xiangru & Ren, Yuning, 2024. "Public environmental concern and corporate ESG performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  33. Anthony Heyes & Andreas Marcel Oestreich, 2018. "A theory of social license when regulatory pressure is jointly produced by an EPA and an NGO," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 219-243, December.
  34. Dongryul Lee & Kyung Hwan Baik, 2017. "Concealment and verification over environmental regulations: a game-theoretic analysis," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 235-268, June.
  35. Maniloff, Peter & Kaffine, Daniel T., 2021. "Private monitoring and public enforcement: Evidence from complaints and regulation of oil and gas wells," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  36. Assad Ullah & Xinshun Zhao & Muhammad Abdul Kamal & Jiajia Zheng, 2022. "Environmental regulations and inward FDI in China: Fresh evidence from the asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1340-1356, January.
  37. Zhenhua Zhang & Guoxing Zhang & Shunfeng Song & Bin Su, 2020. "Spatial Heterogeneity Influences of Environmental Control and Informal Regulation on Air Pollutant Emissions in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, July.
  38. Shimshack, Jay P. & Ward, Michael B., 2022. "Costly sanctions and the treatment of frequent violators in regulatory settings," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
  39. Timo Goeschl & Ole Jürgens, 2012. "Environmental quality and welfare effects of improving the reporting capability of citizen monitoring schemes," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 264-286, December.
  40. Chien‐Chiang Lee & Mei‐Ping Chen & Wei Xu, 2022. "Assessing the impacts of formal and informal regulations on ecological footprint," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 989-1017, October.
  41. Suzanne Kingston & Edwin Alblas & Mícheál Callaghan & Julie Foulon, 2021. "Magnetic law: Designing environmental enforcement laws to encourage us to go further," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(S1), pages 143-162, November.
  42. Wayne B. Gray & Jay P. Shimshack, 2011. "The Effectiveness of Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement: A Review of the Empirical Evidence," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 5(1), pages 3-24, Winter.
  43. Beatty, Timothy & Shimshack, Jay P., "undated". "Monitoring and Enforcement in a Food Safety Context," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273913, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  44. Zheng, Qiaoqiao & Wan, Liang & Wang, Shanyong & Chen, Zexian & Li, Jun & Wu, Jie & Song, Malin, 2023. "Will informal environmental regulation induce residents to form a green lifestyle? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  45. Change Kuang & Wenhui Yu & Yong Yin & Dongchu Han & Shiyin Li & Jinsong Kuang, 2023. "Heterogeneity environmental regulation and provincial haze pollution in China: an empirical study based on threshold model," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(12), pages 14715-14732, December.
  46. Peter Maniloff & Daniel T. Kaffine, 2020. "If you see (or smell) something, say something: Citizen complaints and regulation of oil and gas wells," Working Papers 2020-01, Colorado School of Mines, Division of Economics and Business.
  47. Mary F. Evans & Scott M. Gilpatric & Jay P. Shimshack, 2018. "Enforcement Spillovers: Lessons from Strategic Interactions in Regulation and Product Markets," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 61(4), pages 739-769.
  48. Xiaoxiao Zhou & Ming Xia & Teng Zhang & Juntao Du, 2020. "Energy- and Environment-Biased Technological Progress Induced by Different Types of Environmental Regulations in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-26, September.
  49. Yuhan Jing & Mingzhao Hu & Lingdi Zhao, 2023. "The effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the employment skill structure: The system-GMM approach and mediation model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(8), pages 1-33, August.
  50. Cumming, Douglas & Wu, Huiying & Zhao, Yang, 2025. "The geography of environmental regulation: Plant-level emissions data," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
  51. Ashenmiller Bevin & Norman Catherine Shelley, 2011. "Measuring the Impact of Anti-SLAPP Legislation on Monitoring and Enforcement," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, November.
  52. Lv, Chengchao & Shao, Changhua & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2021. "Green technology innovation and financial development: Do environmental regulation and innovation output matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  53. Zheng, Shiming & Yao, Rongrong & Zou, Ke, 2022. "Provincial environmental inequality in China: Measurement, influence, and policy instrument choice," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  54. Mou, Ying-Ge & Ma, Mengjuan & chen, Qian, 2022. "Measuring the role of consuming natural resource domination and social media for green economic recovery," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  55. Grooms, Katherine K., 2015. "Enforcing the Clean Water Act: The effect of state-level corruption on compliance," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 50-78.
  56. Qiang Wang & Hongren Jiang & Jian Xu, 2022. "The Study of the Effect of the Digital Economy on the Low-Carbon Transformation of Urban Economies under Public Attention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
  57. Feifei Yu & Qing Zhang & Dong Jiang, 2023. "The impact of regional environmental regulations on digital transformation of energy companies: The moderating role of the top management team," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 3152-3165, September.
  58. Mieno, Taro & Brozovic, Nicholas, "undated". "Unraveling deterrence effects of regulatory activities under Clean Water Act," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 124612, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  59. Xiangyang Yang & Zheng Zhang & Siqi Rao & Bei Liu & Yueyue Li, 2022. "How Does Environmental Information Disclosure Affect Pollution Emissions: Firm-Level Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-20, October.
  60. Ye Tian & Qian Wan & Yao Tan, 2022. "Exploration on Inter-Relation of Environmental Regulation, Economic Structure, and Economic Growth: Provincial Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-23, December.
  61. Lirong Liu & Zhou Yang, 2020. "Leveraged enforcement under the EPA’s High Priority Violation Policy," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1279-1304, March.
  62. Suzanne Kingston & Zizhen Wang & Edwin Alblas & Mícheál Callaghan & Julie Foulon & Clodagh Daly & Deirdre Norris, 2022. "Europe’s nature governance revolution: harnessing the shadow of heterarchy," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 793-824, December.
  63. Chan, Charlie & Fei, Long & Kandilov, Ivan T. & Zhang, Chi, 2025. "Political incentives and pollution reduction in China: Evidence from firm-level emissions data," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  64. Pamela Campa & Lucija Muehlenbachs, 2024. "Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlements," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 415-446, February.
  65. Anthony Heyes & Marcel Oestreich, 2017. "The Optimal NGO Chief: Strategic Delegation in Social Advocacy," Working Papers 1701, Brock University, Department of Economics.
  66. Can Liu & Fan Chen & Junjian Yang & Liang Yuan & Yunjun Xiong, 2026. "The digital dustbuster: how China’s Big Data Pilot Zones are cleaning urban air," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-27, December.
  67. Evans, Mary F. & Stafford, Sarah L., 2019. "The Clean Air Act Watch List and federal oversight of state enforcement efforts," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 170-184.
  68. Goeschl, Timo & Jürgens, Ole, 2012. "Explaining uniformity in rule design: The role of citizen participation in enforcement," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 166-177.
  69. Zhang, Jiaqi & Elliott, Robert J.R. & Zhang, Bing & Liu, Mengdi, 2025. "Public environmental complaints and regulatory intensity," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  70. Li, Chuandong & Sun, Qingyu & Ma, Xiaowei, 2024. "Promotion or inhibition? Understanding the impact of public environmental concerns on energy transition in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
  71. Xie, Rong-hui & Yuan, Yi-jun & Huang, Jing-jing, 2017. "Different Types of Environmental Regulations and Heterogeneous Influence on “Green” Productivity: Evidence from China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 104-112.
  72. Jay P. Shimshack, 2014. "The Economics of Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 339-360, October.
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