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Warum wächst die Wirtschaft in Österreich rascher als in Deutschland?

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  • Fritz Breuss

Abstract

Deutschland und Österreich, unterschiedlich große Nachbarn mit gleicher Sprache, sind zwar immer noch eng miteinander wirtschaftlich verflochten. Dank EU-Mitgliedschaft, Ostöffnung und EU-Erweiterung hat sich Österreich aber zunehmend von Deutschland emanzipiert. Seit Anfang der neunziger Jahre übertrifft das Wirtschaftswachstum in Österreich jenes in Deutschland um rund ½ Prozentpunkt pro Jahr. Dafür gibt es eine Reihe von Gründen: Der Hauptgrund dürfte in den Lasten der deutschen Wiedervereinigung zu finden sein. Zum anderen konnte die deutsche Wirtschaft offenbar weniger gut als die österreichische die durch die fortschreitende Integration Europas (Binnenmarkt und Währungsunion) und durch die Erweiterung der EU neu eröffneten Chancen ausschöpfen. Bereits die Ostöffnung öffnete für Österreich ein neues "window of opportunities", das gut genutzt wurde. Teilweise dürfte auch die asymmetrische Architektur der Makropolitik der WWU Deutschland (zu hohe Realzinsen, Fiskalregeln des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspaktes) vor größere Probleme stellen als Österreich. Letztlich könnten auch die negativen strukturellen Folgen der Globalisierung (Outsourcing usw.) ein Grund für die Wachstumsschwäche in Deutschland sein. Da der Globalisierungseffekt aber gleichermaßen für Österreich gilt, kann die Wachstumsdifferenz zwischen beiden Ländern durch diese These nicht erklärt werden.

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  • Fritz Breuss, 2006. "Warum wächst die Wirtschaft in Österreich rascher als in Deutschland?," WIFO Working Papers 280, WIFO.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2006:i:280
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    Deutschland; Österreich; Wirtschaftsvergleich; Globalisierung;
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