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Délocalisations et concurrence des pays émergents : mesurer l’effet sur l’emploi en France

Author

Listed:
  • Guillaume Daudin

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE))

  • Sandrine Levasseur

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

De 1980 à 2002, l’industrie française a perdu 1 450 000 emplois. La croissance des importations en provenance des pays émergents dans les secteurs ayant perdu le plus d’emplois suggère que les délocalisations et le commerce avec ces pays pourraient en être responsables. Dans un premier temps, nous avons corrigé le chiffre brut des pertes d’emplois des effets de l’externalisation nationale et de l’intérim : le déclin de l’emploi industriel est alors ramené à 1 095 000 emplois. Les délocalisations vers les pays émergents sont mal mesurées, et n’ont provoqué que 50 000 pertes d’emplois entre 1995 et 2001. Dans un second temps, nous avons donc passé en revue les études évaluant les pertes d’emplois industriels imputables à la croissance du commerce avec les pays émergents en général. Trois méthodes ont principalement été utilisées : la balance en emplois du commerce international, l’approche économétrique et l’utilisation de modèles macroéconomiques. Aucune de ces méthodes n’est pleinement satisfaisante. Elles indiquent qu’il y aurait aujourd’hui en France de l’ordre de 150 000 à 300 000 emplois industriels supplémentaires s’il n’y avait pas eu de croissance des échanges avec les pays émergents.

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  • Guillaume Daudin & Sandrine Levasseur, 2005. "Délocalisations et concurrence des pays émergents : mesurer l’effet sur l’emploi en France," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/685, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/685
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    Cited by:

    1. Wooseok Ok, 2016. "The Korean exception: service outsourcing by manufacturing firms and the role of institutions," Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 165-182, June.
    2. Guillaume Daudin & Paola Monperrus-Veroni & Christine Rifflart & Danielle Schweisguth, 2006. "Le commerce extérieur en valeur ajoutée," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 98(3), pages 129-165.
    3. Guillaume Daudin & Jean-Luc Gaffard & Francesco Saraceno, 2007. "Ordre et désordre dans l'échange international. Une revue de littérature," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 100(1), pages 143-174.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6n1ku7qsod9fd8j61g93fvgcr5 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Guillaume Daudin & Jean-Luc Gaffard & Francesco Saraceno, 2007. "Ordre et désordre dans l'échange international," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03459556, HAL.
    6. van Neuss, Leif, 2018. "Globalization and deindustrialization in advanced countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 49-63.
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    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2537 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Lionel Nesta, 2010. "Commentaire : Désindustrialisation ou mutation industrielle ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 438(1), pages 297-301.
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