IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/clr/wugarc/y2008v34i3p337.html

The Effects of Globalization on Wages, Employment, and Wage Share in Austria

Author

Listed:
  • Özlem Onaran

Abstract

This paper estimates the employment and wage effects of foreign trade and Austrian outward FDI on employment, wages, and the wage share in Austria. There is evidence of significant negative effects of imports and FDI on both employment and wages. The results are not limited to workers in low skilled sectors. Particularly workers in high skilled sectors experience negative effects. There are also negative effects on white collar workers, particularly due to outward FDI. Even after we take into consideration the positive export effects, it is unlikely that exports offset negative import and FDI effects. The negative employment effect of Austria's investment abroad is primarily due to the rise in the employment in the foreign affiliates in the East. The employment in foreign affiliates in developed countries seems to have a negative effect in services only, which could be interpreted as the horizontal FDI effect. The negative wage effects are originating from affiliate employment in both the East and the developed countries in industry, but no effect is found in the total economy. There is evidence of some positive wage effect of affiliate employment in the East in services sectors. Bringing together these effects we find that the increase in employment in the foreign affiliates of Austria has resulted in a deterioration of the wage share with the effect originating from both country groups in industry, and only from the East in the total economy. Growth of value added as well as non-ICT capital has a positive effect, and technological change (the growth of ICT capital) has a negative effect on employment growth in industry. Technological change effects only blue collar workers’ employment. Technological change also results in a decline in the industry wage share. Regarding import effects, in aggregate total imports also have a negative impact on both employment and wages, and thereby on the wage share in manufacturing as well as the total economy (non-agricultural tradable sectors). The negative impact on employment is particularly due to intermediate import penetration from the East. However, intermediate import penetration from the East has a positive effect on wages (in both manufacturing and the total economy), which might be indicating that intermediate import penetration from the East has resulted in substitution of domestic employment with foreign employment, but in the meantime has resulted in skill upgrading. Intermediate import penetration from the developed countries also has a negative impact on both employment and wages in the total economy. In manufacturing as well as the total economy imports from the rest of the world have positive employment and wage effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Özlem Onaran, 2008. "The Effects of Globalization on Wages, Employment, and Wage Share in Austria," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 34(3), pages 337-360.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2008v:34i:3p:337
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://emedien.arbeiterkammer.at/viewer/pdf/AC08890876_2008_003/wug_2008_34_3_0337.pdf
    File Function: PDF-file of article
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wilfried Altzinger & Leon Podkaminer & Robert Stehrer, 2006. "Monthly Report No. 3/2006," wiiw Monthly Reports 2006-03, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    2. Helmut Hofer & Peter Huber, 2003. "Wage and Mobility Effects of Trade and Migration on the Austrian Labour Market," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 30(2), pages 107-125, June.
    3. Lorentowicz, Andzelika & Marin, Dalia & Raubold, Alexander, 2005. "Is Human Capital Losing from Outsourcing? Evidence for Austria and Poland," CEPR Discussion Papers 5344, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    4. Martin Falk & Yvonne Wolfmayr, 2008. "Austrian FDI in Central-Eastern Europe and Employment in the Home Market," Aussenwirtschaft, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economics Research, vol. 63(02), pages 195-210, June.
    5. Gerald Epstein, 2000. "Threat Effects and the Impact of Capital Mobility on Wages and Public Finances: Developing a Research Agenda," Working Papers wp7, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    6. Fritz Breuss, 2010. "Globalisation, EU enlargement and income distribution," International Journal of Public Policy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(1/2), pages 16-34.
    7. Engelbert Stockhammer & Özlem Onaran & Stefan Ederer, 2009. "Functional income distribution and aggregate demand in the Euro area," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 33(1), pages 139-159, January.
    8. Marin, Dalia, 2004. "'A Nation of Poets and Thinkers' - Less So with Eastern Enlargement? Austria and Germany," Discussion Papers in Economics 329, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    9. Ozlem Onaran, 2008. "Jobless Growth in the Central and East European Countries: A Country-Specific Panel Data Analysis of the Manufacturing Industry," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(4), pages 90-115, July.
    10. Georg Feigl & Markus Marterbauer & Miriam Rehm, 2012. "Einkommensverteilung und Krise," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 38(2), pages 357-367.
    11. Marin, Dalia, 2004. "‘A Nation of Poets and Thinkers’ - Less So with Eastern Enlargement? Austria and Germany," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 77, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    12. Özlem Onaran, 2008. "Jobless Growth in the Central and Eastern European Countries," Working Papers wp165, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    13. Peter Havlik, 2005. "The New EU Member States and Austria: Economic Developments in the First Year of Accession," wiiw Research Reports 318, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    14. Ms. Anastasia Guscina, 2006. "Effects of Globalization on Labor’s Share in National Income," IMF Working Papers 2006/294, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ivan D. Trofimov, 2019. "Stability of Labour Shares: Evidence from OECD Economies," South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, Association of Economic Universities of South and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region, vol. 17(1), pages 57-89.
    2. Yiping Zhu, 2008. "Globalisation, Employment, and Wage Rate: What Does Literature Tell Us?," IMK Working Paper 07-2008, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    3. Iryna Lomachynska & Serhii Yakubovskiy & Ivan Plets, 2018. "Dynamics Of Austrian Foreign Direct Investment And Their Influence On The National Economy," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 4(5).
    4. Ben Salha, Ousama, 2013. "Does economic globalization affect the level and volatility of labor demand by skill? New insights from the Tunisian manufacturing industries," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 572-597.
    5. Fritz Breuss, 2012. "EU-Mitgliedschaft Österreichs. Eine Evaluierung in Zeiten der Krise," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 45578.
    6. Moniba Sana & Um E Ammara Kousar & Aneela Akhtar Chattha, 2024. "Globalization and Labor Market: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 892-900.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Özlem Onaran, 2012. "The Effect of Foreign Affiliate Employment on Wages, Employment, and the Wage Share in Austria," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 251-271, April.
    2. Özlem Onaran, 2007. "The effects of globalization on income distribution," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 100, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik.
    3. Onaran, Özlem, 2008. "The effect of import penetration on labor market outcomes in Austrian manufacturing industry," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 119, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    4. Marin, Dalia, 2005. "A New International Division of Labor in Europe: Offshoring and Outsourcing to Eastern Europe," Discussion Papers in Economics 714, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    5. Vito Amendolagine & Rosa Capolupo & Giovanni Ferri, 2008. "Offshoring, Extent of the Shadow Economy and Firm Performance. Evidence from Italy," SERIES 0021, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", revised Mar 2008.
    6. Károly Attila SOÓS, 2013. "The Role of Intra-Industry Trade in the Industrial Upgrading of the 10 CEECs New Members of the European Union," KIER Working Papers 868, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
    7. Aretz, Bodo & Busl, Claudia & Gürtzgen, Nicole & Hogrefe, Jan & Kappler, Marcus & Steffes, Susanne & Westerheide, Peter, 2009. "Endbericht zum Forschungsauftrag fe 13/08: "Ursachenanalyse der Verschiebung in der funktionalen Einkommensverteilung in Deutschland" (Aktenzeichen I A 3 - Vw 3170/08/10035)," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 110510.
    8. Pflüger Michael & Blien Uwe & Möller Joachim & Moritz Michael, 2013. "Labor Market Effects of Trade and FDI – Recent Advances and Research Gaps," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 233(1), pages 86-116, February.
    9. Dalia Marin, 2006. "A New International Division of Labor in Europe: Outsourcing and Offshoring to Eastern Europe," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 4(2-3), pages 612-622, 04-05.
    10. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/3cr7jj61bs68cvg998pq0844g is not listed on IDEAS
    11. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/3cr7jj61bs68cvg998pqgd533 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Jan Ženka, 2009. "Delokalizace zpracovatelského průmyslu ČR (komponentní analýza) [Delocalization of czech manufacturing: which branches of manufacturing are threatened by relocation abroad?]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2009(1), pages 79-93.
    13. Pintera, Jan, 2025. "Skill-bias and wage inequality in the EU New Member States: Empirical investigation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 761-791.
    14. Olu Ajakaiye & Afeikhena T. Jerome & David Nabena & Olufunke A. Alaba, 2015. "Understanding the relationship between growth and employment in Nigeria," WIDER Working Paper Series 124, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Marc-Andreas Muendler & Sascha O. Becker, 2010. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(5), pages 1999-2030, December.
    16. Richard Kofi Asravor & Frank Gyimah Sackey, 2022. "Wage Price Floors and Sectoral Employment Outcomes in Ghana," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 65(1), pages 103-122, March.
    17. Ingo Geishecker & Holger Görg & Jakob Roland Munch, 2010. "Do labour market institutions matter? Micro-level wage effects of international outsourcing in three European countries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 146(1), pages 179-198, April.
    18. Sascha O. Becker & Karolina Ekholm & Robert Jäckle & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Location Choice and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 141(4), pages 693-731, December.
    19. Cesare Imbriani & Rosanna Pittiglio & Filippo Reganati, 2014. "Affiliates and parent employment through foreign direct investment: a study case of substitutability or complementarity," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 619-638, December.
    20. El-hadj Bah & Josef C. Brada, 2014. "Labor Markets in the Transition Economies: An Overview," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 11(1), pages 3-53, June.
    21. Ha Thi Thanh Doan & Trinh Quang Long, 2019. "Technical Change, Exports, and Employment Growth in China: A Structural Decomposition Analysis," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 18(2), pages 28-46, Summer.
    22. Schäffler, Johannes & Hecht, Veronika & Moritz, Michael, 2014. "Regional determinants of German FDI in the Czech Republic : evidence from a gravity model approach," IAB-Discussion Paper 201403, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2008v:34i:3p:337. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sepp Zuckerstaetter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/awakwat.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.