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Eine Herausforderung für die G20: Global vereinbarte Schuldenbremsen und transnationale fiskalpolitische Aufsichtsgremien

Author

Listed:
  • Dolls, Mathias

    (Ifo Institute for Economic Research)

  • Peichl, Andreas

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)

  • Zimmermann, Klaus F.

    (University of Bonn)

Abstract

Die Schuldenstände sind in vielen Industrieländern auf Rekordhöhen angestiegen. Dies erfordert disziplinierte Konsolidierungsanstrengungen, die im derzeitigen wirtschaftlichen Umfeld allerdings zu einem vermeintlich ungünstigen Zeitpunkt kommen. Die G20-Länder sind aufgefordert, die langfristige Nachhaltigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen sicher zu stellen. Dies ist nicht zuletzt deshalb erforderlich, um eine weitere Ausbreitung der Staatsschuldenkrise zu vermeiden. Vor diesem Hintergrund appellieren wir an die G20 Staaten in Cannes Anfang November 2011, sich für eine globale Schuldenbremse nach schweizerischem oder deutschem Vorbild auszusprechen. Die Vereinbarung der G20-Länder sollte – im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Absprachen auf G20-Ebene zum Abbau der Staatsverschuldung, siehe exemplarisch den unverbindlichen Seoul Action Plan – bindenden Charakter erhalten. Dieser muss durch eine Verankerung der Schuldenbremsen in den nationalen Verfassungen und eine Überwachung durch transnationale, unabhängige Expertengremien gewährleistet werden. Die Überwachungsgremien könnten beim Europäischen Stabilitätsmechanismus (ESM) und dem Internationalen Währungsfonds (IWF) angesiedelt sein und sollten eine regelmäßige Evaluierung der nationalen Budgetplanungen zur Einhaltung der Schuldenbremse vornehmen. Durch das globale Monitoring würde ein wirksames Frühwarnsystem mit dem Ziel entstehen, zukünftige Staatsschuldenkrisen und die daraus resultierenden Ansteckungsgefahren zu vermeiden. Eine globale Schuldenbremse in Verbindung mit einem unabhängigen transnationalen Aufsichtsgremium setzt im derzeitigen ökonomischen und politischen Umfeld, das durch große wirtschaftliche Unsicherheiten gekennzeichnet ist, zum einen ein glaubhaftes Signal, dass der Abbau der Staatsschulden nicht weiter in die Zukunft verschoben wird. Zum anderen stellt eine klug ausgestaltete Schuldenbremse sicher, dass der Staatshaushalt über den Konjunkturzyklus hinweg ausgeglichen ist. Sie ist somit ein wirksameres Instrument als zum Beispiel der bisherige Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakt für die Eurozone, der zwar eine Defizit-Höchstgrenze vorsah, dessen Vorgaben hinsichtlich zu erwirtschaftender Überschüsse in guten Zeiten aber unzureichend waren. Diese Asymmetrie ist in den Modellen der schweizerischen und deutschen Schuldenbremse behoben. Die neue Regulierung der Fiskalpolitik lässt somit auch im wirtschaftlichen Abschwung genügend Raum für diskretionäre Maßnahmen sowie für das Wirken der automatischen Stabilisatoren.

Suggested Citation

  • Dolls, Mathias & Peichl, Andreas & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2011. "Eine Herausforderung für die G20: Global vereinbarte Schuldenbremsen und transnationale fiskalpolitische Aufsichtsgremien," IZA Standpunkte 45, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Handle: RePEc:iza:izasps:sp45
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    G20; Fiskalpolitische Aufsichtsgremien; Schuldenbremse;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H1 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H3 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
    • H6 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

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