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Global Mobility and the Threat of Pandemics: Evidence from Three Centuries

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  • Clemens, Michael A.

    (George Mason University)

  • Ginn, Thomas

    (Center for Global Development)

Abstract

Countries restrict the overall extent of international travel and migration to balance the expected costs and benefits of mobility. Given the ever-present threat of new, future pandemics, how should permanent restrictions on mobility respond? A simple theoretical framework predicts that reduced exposure to pre-pandemic international mobility causes slightly slower arrival of the pathogen. A standard epidemiological model predicts no decrease in the harm of the pathogen if travel ceases thereafter and only a slight decrease in the harm (for plausible parameters) if travel does not cease. We test these predictions across four global pandemics in three different centuries: the influenza pandemics that began in 1889, 1918, 1957, and 2009. We find that in all cases, even a draconian 50 percent reduction in pre-pandemic international mobility is associated with 1–2 weeks later arrival and no detectable reduction in final mortality. The case for permanent limits on international mobility to reduce the harm of future pandemics is weak.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemens, Michael A. & Ginn, Thomas, 2020. "Global Mobility and the Threat of Pandemics: Evidence from Three Centuries," IZA Discussion Papers 13947, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13947
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Ilya Somin, 2021. "Freedom through foot voting," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 141-152, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    morbidity; mortality; health systems; H1N1; Swine flu; Russian flu; Asian flu; Spanish flu; MERS; SARS; Zika; HIV; influenza; flu; Coronavirus; COVID-19; health; disease; epidemic; pandemic; migration; mobility; movement; border; international; global; globalization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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