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Fiscal Regimes in and Outside the MENA Region

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  • Ibrahim Elbadawi

    (The Economic Policy and Research Center, Dubai Economic Council, UAE)

  • Raimundo Soto

Abstract

The 1990s ushered the world not only into a democracy wave, following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, but also into a wave of Fiscal Rules, where the number of countries adopting this fiscal regime steadily rose from only 10 in 1990 to 97 in 2009. Countries that depend on hydrocarbons, in general, tend to suffer from fiscal policies that are highly susceptible to energy price shocks. This provides incentives for implementing fiscal stabilization instruments in the form of fiscal rules. However, the resource-rich but largely democracy-deficient MENA region has been a fiscal rules-free region. Against this backdrop, this paper asks two fundamental questions: Why have MENA countries chosen not to adopt fiscal rules? And what role, if any, might have resource dependence and political institutions played in this outcome? We find that the lack of democracy and the weak systems of political checks and balances that characterize MENA countries appear to have outweighed the positive impacts of oil resources, so that fiscal instability persists despite ample oil revenues. The nascent Arab democracy spring might tip the scale in favor of adopting fiscal rules by emerging democratic governments in the region. However, stronger systems of political checks and balances are also needed and, unfortunately, are not necessarily a certain outcome of the current political changes. . A move toward inflation targeting regimes, as proposed for Tunisia and Egypt, might also provide additional impetus for adopting fiscal rules as the evidence of Chile and other inflation-targeting countries suggests.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Elbadawi & Raimundo Soto, 2011. "Fiscal Regimes in and Outside the MENA Region," Working Papers 654, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jan 2011.
  • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:654
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    Cited by:

    1. Raimundo Soto & Ilham Haouas, 2012. "Has the UAE Escaped the Oil Curse?," Working Papers 728, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    2. Ray, Nikhil. & Velasquez, Agustin. & Islam, Iyanatul,, 2015. "Fiscal rules, growth and employment : a developing country perspective," ILO Working Papers 994881313402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. repec:ilo:ilowps:488131 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

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