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Calidad de los vecindarios y oferta laboral femenina en un contexto urbano: un caso aplicado a la ciudad de Medellín

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  • Leonardo Fabio Morales
  • Lina Cardona-Sosa

Abstract

En este trabajo evaluamos como la calidad del vecindario afecta resultados laborales de una muestra aleatoria de individuos en la ciudad de Medellín. El trabajo profundiza el análisis para el caso de las mujeres, cuyo estatus en el mercado laboral (participación, horas laboradas y probabilidad de empleo) podría verse afectado en mayor medida por cambios en las características de sus vecindarios. La calidad del vecindario es definida a través del siguiente conjunto de características: la disponibilidad de transporte público masivo, la densidad de actividad económica, la disponibilidad de cuidado infantil público y los niveles de criminalidad. La metodología empírica se basa en la estimación de modelos lineales de oferta, de empleo y de participación. Los efectos de interés están sujetos a sesgo de selección dada la naturaleza endógena de la decisión de localización residencial, razón por la cual, se usa una metodología que corrige por la posible autoselección de las mujeres en sus respectivos vecindarios con un procedimiento de dos etapas. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación entre la calidad del vecindario y las variables del mercado laboral, los cuales difieren por ingreso medio del barrio y estado civil del individuo. En particular, se encuentra que las mujeres ven favorecidas su participación laboral en presencia de una mayor actividad económica en el barrio en el que habitan, siendo las madres casadas, quienes presentan una mayor probabilidad de emplearse en presencia de centros de cuidado infantil. Los homicidios por su parte, disminuyen la empleabilidad de los hombres.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Fabio Morales & Lina Cardona-Sosa, 2015. "Calidad de los vecindarios y oferta laboral femenina en un contexto urbano: un caso aplicado a la ciudad de Medellín," Borradores de Economia 12588, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:012588
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    1. Gustavo A. García & Edgar Julián Muñoz González & Stefany Gallego Ortiz, 2018. "Análisis Espacial de la Informalidad Laboral a Nivel Intra-urbano," Documentos de Trabajo de Valor Público 16499, Universidad EAFIT.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Oferta laboral; análisis urbano; demanda por localización; economía de género;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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