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Aglomeraci�n econ�mica y congesti�n vial: los perjuicios por racionamiento del tr�fico vehicular

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  • Carlos Alberto Medina
  • Carlos Eduardo V�lez

Abstract

La creciente urbanizaci�n latinoamericana de las �ltimas d�cadas ha inducido mayor demanda de veh�culos y congesti�n de tr�fico. Pretendiendo aliviar los costos de la congesti�n se han adoptado medidas pol�micas que restringen la circulaci�n del 20% o el 40% de los veh�culos cada d�a de la semana laboral -en M�xico 1988 y Bogot� 2008, Pico y Placa"-. Para juzgar la bondad de estas medidas sobre la productividad de las aglomeraciones urbanas debe establecerse la magnitud de los perjuicios que recaen sobre los hogares afectados, para contrastarlos con los beneficios esperados. Con base en un modelo de Calidad de Vida (Life Satisfaction) se estiman los perjuicios ex-ante que esta restricci�n trae para los hogares de las ciudades de Bogot� y Medell�n. Nuestras estimaciones revelan que cuando la medida consiste en la restricci�n por dos d�as a la semana, trae un perjuicio considerable para el hogar promedio del orden de 6.3% del ingreso per c�pita del hogar en la ciudad de Bogot�, del 13.7% para los hogares de ingresos medios y altos, y se perjudica no solo a los grupos de altos ingresos sino tambi�n a hogares de ingresos bajos que utilizan el veh�culo como herramienta de trabajo. La evidencia permite concluir que si los beneficios por aumento en la velocidad de circulaci�n y reducci�n en la contaminaci�n no son considerables, esta restricci�n radical de la circulaci�n resultar�a desaconsejable y deber�an considerarse alternativas como los peajes por congesti�n en zonas c�ntricas."

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Alberto Medina & Carlos Eduardo V�lez, 2011. "Aglomeraci�n econ�mica y congesti�n vial: los perjuicios por racionamiento del tr�fico vehicular," Borradores de Economia 9085, Banco de la Republica.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:009085
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

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