Author
Listed:
- Carlos Alberto Medina
- Carlos Eduardo V�lez
Abstract
La creciente urbanización latinoamericana de las últimas décadas ha inducido mayor demanda de vehículos y congestión de tráfico. Con el fin de aliviar los costos de la congestión, se han adoptado medidas polémicas que restringen la circulación del 20% al 40% de los vehículos cada día de la semana laboral ―en México, en 1988; y en Bogotá, en 2008, con la medida que ha sido llamada “Pico y Placa”―. Para juzgar la bondad de estas medidas sobre la productividad de las aglomeraciones urbanas debe establecerse la magnitud de los perjuicios que recaen sobre los hogares afectados y contrastarlos con los beneficios esperados. Con base en un modelo de Calidad de Vida (Life Satisfaction) se estiman los perjuicios ex ante que esta restricción trae para los hogares de las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín. Las estimaciones revelan que cuando la medida consiste en la restricción por dos días a la semana trae un perjuicio considerable para el hogar promedio del orden de 6,3% del ingreso per capita del hogar en la ciudad de Bogotá y del 13,7% para los hogares de ingresos medios y altos; y que se perjudica no solo a los grupos de altos ingresos sino también a hogares de ingresos bajos que utilizan el vehículo como herramienta de trabajo. La evidencia permite concluir que si los beneficios por aumento en la velocidad de circulación y reducción en la contaminación no son considerables, esta restricción radical de la circulación resultaría desaconsejable y deberían considerarse alternativas como los peajes por congestión en zonas céntricas. ***** The growing Latin American urbanization that has taken place in recent decades has increased the demand for automobiles and traffic congestion. To lessen the congestion costs, local governments have implemented polemic policies that constrain cars use of 20% to 40% of vehicles each working day ―in Mexico in 1988; and in Bogotá in 2008, with the policy known as “Pico y Placa”―. To assess the effects of these policies on the productivity of urban agglomerations it is useful to measure their costs on households, to compare them with expected benefits. We use a Life Satisfaction model to estimate the ex ante costs that these restrictions pose on households of Bogotá and Medellín. Our estimates show that when the restriction takes place twice a week, the costs to households is nearly 6,3% of household’s per capita income in Bogotá and 13,7% of household’s per capita income for households in the top three socioeconomic strata; and there are also costs for the poorest households, who bear the costs of the restriction on their vehicles as a working device. The evidence allow us to conclude that if the benefits for speed increase and lower contamination are not substantial, these Colombian cities should discontinue the whole day “Pico y Placa” programs and consider alternative interventions like congestion tolls in the most congested areas.
Suggested Citation
Carlos Alberto Medina & Carlos Eduardo V�lez, 2012.
"Aglomeración económica y congestión vial: los perjuicios por racionamiento del tráfico vehicular,"
Documentos de trabajo
17696, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
Handle:
RePEc:col:000547:017696
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JEL classification:
- R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
- R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy
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