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An anatomy of monopsony : Search frictions, amenities and bargaining in concentrated markets

Author

Listed:
  • David Berger
  • Kyle Herkenhoff
  • Andreas R. Kostol
  • Simon Mongey

Abstract

We contribute a theory in which three channels interact to determine the degree of monopsony power and therefore the markdown of a worker’s spot wage relative to her marginal product: (1) heterogeneity in worker-firm-specific preferences (non-wage amenities), (2) firm granularity, and (3) off- and on-the-job search frictions. We use Norwegian data to discipline each channel and then reproduce new reduced-form empirical relationships between market concentration, job flows, wages and wage inequality. In doing so we provide a novel method for clustering occupations into local labor markets. Our main exercise quantifies the contribution of each channel to income inequality and wage markdowns. The average markdown is 21 percent in our baseline estimation. Removing nonwage amenity dispersion narrows them by a third. Giving the next-lowest-ranked competitor a seat at the bargaining table narrows them by half, suggesting that granularity and strategic interactions in the bargaining process is an important source of markdowns. Removing search frictions narrows them by two-thirds. Each counterfactual reduces wage inequality and increases welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • David Berger & Kyle Herkenhoff & Andreas R. Kostol & Simon Mongey, 2023. "An anatomy of monopsony : Search frictions, amenities and bargaining in concentrated markets," Working Paper 2023/10, Norges Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:bno:worpap:2023_10
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    Cited by:

    1. Kostøl, Andreas Ravndal & Merkle, Matthew C. & Grindaker, Morten, 2024. "Layoff Costs and Learning about Employer Financial Distress," IZA Discussion Papers 17340, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Amodio, Francesco & Brancati, Emanuele & Brummund, Peter & de Roux, Nicolás & Di Maio, Michele, 2024. "Global Labor Market Power," IZA Discussion Papers 16823, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Berger, David & Hasenzagl, Thomas & Herkenhoff, Kyle & Mongey, Simon & Posner, Eric A., 2023. "Comments on the 2023 Draft Merger Guidelines: A Labor Market Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers 16401, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Dalmazzo, Alberto & Leombruni, Roberto & Razzolini, Tiziano, 2023. "Anticipation Effects of EU Accession on Immigrants' Labour Market Outcomes," IZA Discussion Papers 16614, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Bryson, Alex & Dale-Olsen, Harald, 2024. "Job Search, Efficiency Wages and Taxes," IZA Discussion Papers 17385, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monopsony; Inequality.;

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J42 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

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