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The fiscal response to the Covid-19 crisis in advanced and emerging market economies

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  • Enrique Alberola-Ila
  • Yavuz Arslan
  • Gong Cheng
  • Richhild Moessner

Abstract

The fiscal policy response to the Covid-19 crisis has been swift and strong, in tandem with monetary policy. Advanced economies (AEs) have deployed a much larger fiscal response than emerging market economies (EMEs). The lower incidence of the pandemic in EMEs does not fully explain the difference. A narrower fiscal policy space in EMEs, further reduced by the tightening of their financing conditions induced by the pandemic shock, has constrained their fiscal response. The size and composition of the fiscal response also depend on other factors such as the level of income and the strength of the social safety nets and automatic stabilisers.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Alberola-Ila & Yavuz Arslan & Gong Cheng & Richhild Moessner, 2020. "The fiscal response to the Covid-19 crisis in advanced and emerging market economies," BIS Bulletins 23, Bank for International Settlements.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisblt:23
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Peter Hördahl & Ilhyock Shim, 2020. "EME bond portfolio flows and long-term interest rates during the Covid-19 pandemic," BIS Bulletins 18, Bank for International Settlements.
    4. Yavuz Arslan & Mathias Drehmann & Boris Hofmann, 2020. "Central bank bond purchases in emerging market economies," BIS Bulletins 20, Bank for International Settlements.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    RePEc Biblio mentions

    As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography for Economics:
    1. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Specific pandemics > Covid-19 > Economic policy
    2. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Specific pandemics > Covid-19 > Emerging markets

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    Cited by:

    1. d'Aspremont, Alexandre & Ben Arous, Simon & Bricongne, Jean-Charles & Lietti, Benjamin & Meunier, Baptiste, 2025. "Satellites turn “concrete”: Tracking cement with satellite data and neural networks," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 249(PC).
    2. Loayza,Norman V. & Sanghi,Apurva & Shaharuddin,Nurlina Binti & Wuester,Lucie Johanna, 2020. "Recovery from the Pandemic Crisis : Balancing Short-Term and Long-Term Concerns," Research and Policy Briefs 152797, The World Bank.
    3. Fernando Eguren Martin & Mark Joy & Claudia Maurini & Alessandro Moro & Valerio Nispi Landi & Alessandro Schiavone & Carlos van Hombeeck, 2020. "Capital flows during the pandemic: lessons for a more resilient international financial architecture," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 589, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    4. Javier Olivera & Philippe Kerm, 2022. "Public support for tax policies in COVID-19 times: evidence from Luxembourg," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 29(6), pages 1395-1418, December.
    5. Stewart, Robert & Chowdhury, Murshed, 2021. "Banking sector distress and economic growth resilience: Asymmetric effects," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    6. Andrea Zaghini, 2025. "The Covid pandemic in the market: infected, immune and cured bonds," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 67(1), pages 31-52, April.
    7. Daehler, Timo B. & Aizenman, Joshua & Jinjarak, Yothin, 2021. "Emerging markets sovereign CDS spreads during COVID-19: Economics versus epidemiology news," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    8. Grabowski, Wojciech & Janus, Jakub & Stawasz-Grabowska, Ewa, 2023. "The COVID-19 pandemic and financial markets in Central Europe: Macroeconomic measures and international policy spillovers," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    9. Lalinsky, Tibor & Pál, Rozália, 2022. "Distribution of COVID-19 government support and its consequences for firm liquidity and solvency," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 305-335.
    10. Kakhkharov, Jakhongir & Bianchi, Robert J., 2022. "COVID-19 and policy responses: Early evidence in banks and FinTech stocks," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    11. Hale, Galina & Leer, John & Nechio, Fernanda, 2025. "Fiscal policy design and inflation: The COVID-19 pandemic experience," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt9cc4c34z, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    12. Carlos Alba & Gabriel Cuadra & Juan R. Hernandez & Raul Ibarra, 2024. "Capital flows to emerging economies and global risk aversion during the COVID‐19 pandemic," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 2804-2836, July.
    13. Hale, Galina & Leer, John & Nechio, Fernanda, 2025. "Fiscal policy design and inflation: The COVID-19 pandemic experience," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    14. Javier G. Gómez-Pineda, 2020. "The depth, length and shape of the covid-19 recession conveyed in 2020 growth forecasts," Borradores de Economia 1123, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    15. repec:ers:journl:v:xxiv:y:2021:i:3:p:229-240 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Eichengreen, Barry & Park, Donghyun & Shin, Kwanho, 2021. "The shape of recovery: Implications of past experience for the duration of the COVID-19 recession," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt5tc5s5f5, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    17. Paolo Cavallino & Fiorella De Fiore, 2020. "Central banks' response to Covid-19 in advanced economies," BIS Bulletins 21, Bank for International Settlements.
    18. Alina Danilowska, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID19 Pandemic on the Credit Market in Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3 - Part ), pages 229-240.
    19. Galiani, Sebastian, 2022. "Pandemic economics," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 269-275.
    20. Hale, Galina & Leer, John & Nechio, Fernanda, 2022. "Inflationary Effects of Fiscal Support to Households and Firms," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt8qt1t3t4, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    21. Kamal Lahlou & Saida Hajjaji, 2022. "Les déterminants de l’effort de relance en réponse à la crise de Covid-19," Document de travail 2022-4, Bank Al-Maghrib, Département de la Recherche.
    22. Eichengreen, Barry & Park, Donghyun & Shin, Kwanho, 2021. "The shape of recovery: Implications of past experience for the duration of the COVID-19 recession," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    23. Lalinsky, Tibor & Pál, Rozália, 2021. "Efficiency and effectiveness of the COVID-19 government support: Evidence from firm-level data," EIB Working Papers 2021/06, European Investment Bank (EIB).
    24. Deev, Oleg & Plíhal, Tomáš, 2022. "How to calm down the markets? The effects of COVID-19 economic policy responses on financial market uncertainty," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    25. Andrea Zaghini, 2025. "The Covid pandemic in the market: infected, immune and cured bonds," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 67(1), pages 31-52, April.

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