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Movilidad social en la educación: el caso de la Universidad de los Andes en Colombia entre 1949 y 2018

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  • Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri

Abstract

La literatura académica ha destacado el papel de la educación para promover la movilidad social. Pero ¿cuánta movilidad han permitido históricamente las universidades de alta calidad? Esta investigación se centra en un estudio de caso de movilidad social histórica en una institución educativa de alta calidad en Colombia. Utilizando estimaciones basadas en apellidos poco frecuentes y su representación relativa en las personas graduadas de la Universidad de los Andes desde 1949 hasta 2018 se estiman coeficientes de movilidad intergeneracional para apellidos étnicos y de élite. Estas estimaciones proporcionan nueva evidencia de patrones de baja movilidad social, que se reflejan en la alta persistencia histórica de los grupos de élite, así como la ausencia o baja representación de las minorías étnicas. Además, se concluye que este enfoque metodológico puede ser una herramienta útil para medir movilidad social en países con limitaciones de datos históricos. **** Abstract: The role of education in promoting social mobility has been highlighted in the literature. But how much mobility have high-quality universities yielded historically? This research focuses on a case study of historical social mobility in access to high-quality education in Colombia. By using estimations based on unique surnames and their relative representation among graduates from Universidad de los Andes from 1949 to 2018, intergenerational mobility coefficients are estimated for ethnic and elite surnames. These estimations provide new evidence of long-term social mobility patterns in Colombia and reveal low mobility and persistence in the historical elite, as well as underrepresentation of ethnic groups. It is further concluded that this methodological approach can be a useful tool for studying countries with limitations in historical data for measuring social mobility.

Suggested Citation

  • Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri, 2024. "Movilidad social en la educación: el caso de la Universidad de los Andes en Colombia entre 1949 y 2018," Cuadernos de Historia Económica 61, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:cheedt:61
    DOI: 10.32468/chee.61
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriela Schütz & Heinrich W. Ursprung & Ludger Wößmann, 2008. "Education Policy and Equality of Opportunity," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 279-308, May.
    2. Black, Sandra E. & Devereux, Paul J., 2011. "Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 16, pages 1487-1541, Elsevier.
    3. Roberto Angulo & Alejandro Gaviria & Gustavo NicolÔøΩs PÔøΩez & Joao Pedro Azevedo, 2012. "Movilidad social en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 10323, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    4. repec:ehl:wpaper:54515 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Dahan, Momi & Gaviria, Alejandro, 1999. "Sibling Correlations and Social Mobility in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1301, Inter-American Development Bank.
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    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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