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Self-Selection into Credit Markets: Evidence from Agriculture in Mali

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  • Beaman, Lori
  • Karlan, Dean S.
  • Thuysbaert, Bram
  • Udry, Christopher

Abstract

We examine whether returns to capital are higher for farmers who borrow than for those who do not, a direct implication of many credit market models. We measure the difference in returns through a two‐stage loan and grant experiment. We find large positive investment responses and returns to grants for a random (representative) sample of farmers, showing that liquidity constraints bind. However, we find zero returns to grants for a sample of farmers who endogenously did not borrow. Thus we find important heterogeneity, even conditional on a wide range of observed characteristics, which has critical implications for theory and policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Beaman, Lori & Karlan, Dean S. & Thuysbaert, Bram & Udry, Christopher, 2014. "Self-Selection into Credit Markets: Evidence from Agriculture in Mali," Center Discussion Papers 183318, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:yaleeg:183318
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.183318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lori Beaman & Dean Karlan & Bram Thuysbaert & Christopher Udry, 2013. "Profitability of Fertilizer: Experimental Evidence from Female Rice Farmers in Mali," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(3), pages 381-386, May.
    2. Orazio Attanasio & Britta Augsburg & Ralph De Haas & Emla Fitzsimons & Heike Harmgart, 2011. "Group lending or individual lending? Evidence from a randomised field experiment in Mongolia," IFS Working Papers W11/20, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    3. Tavneet Suri, 2011. "Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 79(1), pages 159-209, January.
    4. Jessica Cohen & Pascaline Dupas & Simone Schaner, 2015. "Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(2), pages 609-645, February.
    5. Suresh de Mel & David McKenzie & Christopher Woodruff, 2009. "Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(1), pages 423-423.
    6. Augsburg, Britta & de Haas, Ralph & Harmgart, Heike & Meghir, Costas, 2014. "Microfinance at the margin: Experimental evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change SP II 2014-304, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Seck, Abdoulaye, 2018. "Heterogeneous Credit Constraints and Smallholder Farming in Senegal," 92nd Annual Conference, April 16-18, 2018, Warwick University, Coventry, UK 273491, Agricultural Economics Society.
    3. Gashaw Tadesse Abate & Tanguy Bernard & Alan de Brauw & Nicholas Minot, 2018. "The impact of the use of new technologies on farmers’ wheat yield in Ethiopia: evidence from a randomized control trial," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(4), pages 409-421, July.
    4. Diego Vera-Cossio, 2022. "Targeting Credit through Community Members," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(2), pages 778-821.
    5. Chowdhury, Shyamal & Smits, Joeri & Sun, Qigang, 2020. "Does Access to Microcredit Lead to Technology Adoption by Smallholder Farmers? Experimental Evidence from Rural Bangladesh," 2020 Conference (64th), February 12-14, 2020, Perth, Western Australia 305247, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    6. Paulina Oliva & B. Kelsey Jack & Samuel Bell & Elizabeth Mettetal & Christopher Severen, 2020. "Technology Adoption under Uncertainty: Take-Up and Subsequent Investment in Zambia," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(3), pages 617-632, July.
    7. Eustadius Francis Magezi & Nakano, Yuko, 2020. "The Impact of Microcredit on Household Income: The Case of BRAC in Tanzania," Japanese Journal of Agricultural Economics (formerly Japanese Journal of Rural Economics), Agricultural Economics Society of Japan (AESJ), vol. 22.
    8. Marup Hossain & Mohammad Abdul Malek & Amzad Hossain & Hasib Reza & Shakil Ahmed, 2016. "Impact Assessment of Credit Program for Tenant Farmers in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Field Experiment," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-1025, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    9. repec:lic:licosd:42020 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Imke Hering & Oliver Musshoff, 2017. "Progressive Lending in Microfinance—What about the Farmers?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 803-828, August.
    11. Inna Cintina & Inessa Love, 2014. "The Miracle of Microfinance Revisited: Evidence from Propensity Score Matching," Working Papers 2014-14, University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
    12. Lota Tamini & Ibrahima Bocoum & Ghislain Auger & Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin & Arahama Traoré, 2019. "Enhanced Microfinance Services and Agricultural Best Management Practices: What Benefits for Smallholders Farmers? An Evidence from Burkina Faso," CIRANO Working Papers 2019s-11, CIRANO.
    13. Booyuel Kim & Rony Rodriguez-Ramirez & Hee-Seung Yang, 2024. "Does the small business programme benefit self-employed workers? Evidence from Nicaragua," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 428-447, October.
    14. Marup Hossain & Conner Mullally, 2022. "Using evaluation data to predict loan performance among poor borrowers: The case of BRAC’s asset transfer and microcredit programmes," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(3), May.
    15. Lyu, Wenyi & Yu, Leng & Zhang, Jiajun, 2024. "Peer effects in digital inclusive finance participation decisions: Evidence from rural China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    16. Karlan, Dean & Knight, Ryan & Udry, Christopher, 2015. "Consulting and capital experiments with microenterprise tailors in Ghana," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 281-302.
    17. Günther Fink & B. Kelsey Jack & Felix Masiye, 2020. "Seasonal Liquidity, Rural Labor Markets, and Agricultural Production," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(11), pages 3351-3392, November.
    18. Fiala, Nathan, 2018. "Returns to microcredit, cash grants and training for male and female microentrepreneurs in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 189-200.
    19. Kara, Alper & Zhou, Haoyong & Zhou, Yifan, 2021. "Achieving the United Nations' sustainable development goals through financial inclusion: A systematic literature review of access to finance across the globe," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    20. Nittai K. Bergman & Rajkamal Iyer & Richard T. Thakor, 2015. "Financial Accelerator at Work: Evidence from Corn Fields," NBER Working Papers 21086, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. World Bank, 2021. "Strengthening the Link between Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Mali," World Bank Publications - Reports 36587, The World Bank Group.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • D92 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice, Investment, Capacity, and Financing
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q14 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Finance

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