Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E6: Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
/ / / E62: Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

2021

• Fendel, Ralf & Neugebauer, Frederik & Zimmermann, Lilli, 2021, "Reactions of euro area government yields to Covid-19 related policy measure announcements by the European Commission and the European Central Bank," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, volume 42, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101917.
• Gunter, Samara & Riera-Crichton, Daniel & Vegh, Carlos A. & Vuletin, Guillermo, 2021, "Non-linear effects of tax changes on output: The role of the initial level of taxation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 131, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103450.
• Beetsma, Roel & Furtuna, Oana & Giuliodori, Massimo & Mumtaz, Haroon, 2021, "Revenue- versus spending-based fiscal consolidation announcements: Multipliers and follow-up," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 131, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103455.
• Galli, Carlo, 2021, "Self-fulfilling debt crises, fiscal policy and investment," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 131, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103475.
• Niemeläinen, Julia, 2021, "External imbalances between China and the United States: A dynamic analysis with a life-cycle model," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 131, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103493.
• Ferrara, Laurent & Metelli, Luca & Natoli, Filippo & Siena, Daniele, 2021, "Questioning the puzzle: Fiscal policy, real exchange rate and inflation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 133, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103524.
• Zouri, Stéphane, 2021, "New evidence on international risk-sharing in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)," International Economics, Elsevier, volume 165, issue C, pages 121-139, DOI: 10.1016/j.inteco.2020.11.003.
• Badarau, Cristina & Huart, Florence & Sangaré, Ibrahima, 2021, "Macroeconomic and policy implications of eurobonds," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, volume 65, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irle.2020.105954.
• Hülsewig, Oliver & Steinbach, Armin, 2021, "Monetary financing and fiscal discipline," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, volume 68, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irle.2021.106004.
• Kameda, Taisuke & Namba, Ryoichi & Tsuruga, Takayuki, 2021, "Decomposing local fiscal multipliers: Evidence from Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, volume 57, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2021.101053.
• Meng, Xiangcai & Huang, Chia-Hsing, 2021, "The time-frequency analysis of conventional and unconventional monetary policy: Evidence from Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, volume 59, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2021.101089.
• Bessho, Shun-ichiro, 2021, "Local fiscal multipliers and population aging in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, volume 60, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2021.101099.
• Lee, Dongwon & Min, Sujin, 2021, "Defective democracy and the political budget cycle," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, volume 49, issue 4, pages 947-961, DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2021.04.009.
• Hommes, Cars & Makarewicz, Tomasz, 2021, "Price level versus inflation targeting under heterogeneous expectations: a laboratory experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 182, issue C, pages 39-82, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.11.011.
• Chortareas, Georgios & Mavrodimitrakis, Christos, 2021, "Policy conflict, coordination, and leadership in a monetary union under imperfect instrument substitutability," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 183, issue C, pages 342-361, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.01.001.
• Croce, M. & Nguyen, Thien T. & Raymond, S., 2021, "Persistent government debt and aggregate risk distribution," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, volume 140, issue 2, pages 347-367, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.01.004.
• Levieuge, Grégory & Lucotte, Yannick & Pradines-Jobet, Florian, 2021, "The cost of banking crises: Does the policy framework matter?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 110, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102290.
• Beetsma, Roel & Giuliodori, Massimo & Hanson, Jesper & de Jong, Frank, 2021, "The maturity of sovereign debt issuance in the euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 110, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102293.
• Ziogas, Thanasis & Panagiotidis, Theodore, 2021, "Revisiting the political economy of fiscal adjustments," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 111, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102312.
• Larch, Martin & Orseau, Eloïse & van der Wielen, Wouter, 2021, "Do EU fiscal rules support or hinder counter-cyclical fiscal policy?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 112, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102328.
• El-Shagi, Makram & Schweinitz, Gregor von, 2021, "Fiscal policy and fiscal fragility: Empirical evidence from the OECD," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 115, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102292.
• Hory, Marie-Pierre & Levieuge, Grégory & Onori, Daria, 2021, "Public spending, currency mismatch and financial frictions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 116, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102413.
• Peppel-Srebrny, Jemima, 2021, "Not all government budget deficits are created equal: Evidence from advanced economies' sovereign bond markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 118, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102460.
• Di Serio, Mario & Fragetta, Matteo & Melina, Giovanni, 2021, "The impact of r-g on Euro-Area government spending multipliers," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 119, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102493.
• Nagao, Ryoya & Kondo, Yoshihiro & Nakazono, Yoshiyuki, 2021, "The macroeconomic effects of monetary policy: Evidence from Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, volume 61, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2021.101149.
• Cusato Novelli, Antonio & Barcia, Giancarlo, 2021, "Sovereign Risk, Public Investment and the Fiscal Policy Stance," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 67, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2020.103263.
• Honda, Jiro & Miyamoto, Hiroaki, 2021, "How does population aging affect the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus over the business cycle?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 68, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103288.
• Dzhambova, Krastina, 2021, "“When it rains, it pours”: Fiscal policy, credit constraints and business cycles in emerging and developed economies," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103319.
• Antón, Arturo & Hernández-Trillo, Fausto & Ventosa-Santaulària, Daniel, 2021, "(In)Effective tax enforcement and demand for cash," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 70, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103350.
• Ouliaris, Sam & Rochon, Celine, 2021, "Pre- and Post-Global Financial Crisis Policy Multipliers#," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 70, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103370.
• Tran, Chung & Wende, Sebastian, 2021, "On the marginal excess burden of taxation in an overlapping generations model," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 70, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103377.
• Carrera, Jorge & de la Vega, Pablo, 2021, "The impact of income inequality on public debt," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeca.2021.e00216.
• Garibaldi, Pietro & Gomes, Pedro & Sopraseuth, Thepthida, 2021, "Public employment redux," Journal of Government and Economics, Elsevier, volume 1, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2021.100003.
• Cronin, David & McQuinn, Kieran, 2021, "Are official forecasts of output growth in the EU still biased?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 2, pages 337-349, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.12.001.
• Cieślik, Andrzej & Turgut, Mehmet Burak, 2021, "Fiscal harmonization in view of the Euro adoption: Economic implications for Poland," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 2, pages 394-415, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.05.001.
• Majumder, Amita & Ray, Ranjan & Santra, Sattwik, 2021, "Should commodity tax rates be uniform across regions in a heterogeneous country? Evidence from India," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 6, pages 1310-1331, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2021.03.007.
• Şen, Hüseyin & Kaya, Ayşe, 2021, "Output-volatility reducing effects of automatic stabilizers: Policy implications for EMU member states," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 6, pages 1388-1414, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.06.005.
• Ek, Andreas, 2021, "Cross-country differences in preferences for leisure," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102054.
• Rannenberg, Ansgar, 2021, "State-dependent fiscal multipliers with preferences over safe assets," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 1023-1040, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.08.002.
• Hennessy, Christopher A. & Livdan, Dmitry, 2021, "Learning, parameter drift, and the credibility revolution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 395-417, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.02.003.
• Gechert, Sebastian & Paetz, Christoph & Villanueva, Paloma, 2021, "The macroeconomic effects of social security contributions and benefits," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 571-584, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.03.012.
• Leeper, Eric M. & Leith, Campbell & Liu, Ding, 2021, "Optimal Time-Consistent Monetary, Fiscal and Debt Maturity Policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 600-617, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.03.015.
• Han, Zhao, 2021, "Low-frequency fiscal uncertainty," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 639-657, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.03.017.
• Albertini, Julien & Auray, Stéphane & Bouakez, Hafedh & Eyquem, Aurélien, 2021, "Taking off into the wind: Unemployment risk and state-Dependent government spending multipliers," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, pages 990-1007, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.07.007.
• Hebous, Shafik & Zimmermann, Tom, 2021, "Can government demand stimulate private investment? Evidence from U.S. federal procurement," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 118, issue C, pages 178-194, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2020.09.005.
• Correia, Isabel & De Fiore, Fiorella & Teles, Pedro & Tristani, Oreste, 2021, "Credit subsidies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 118, issue C, pages 2-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.12.002.
• Hauk, Esther & Lanteri, Andrea & Marcet, Albert, 2021, "Optimal policy with general signal extraction," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 118, issue C, pages 54-86, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.01.002.
• Cantore, Cristiano & Freund, Lukas B., 2021, "Workers, capitalists, and the government: fiscal policy and income (re)distribution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 119, issue C, pages 58-74, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.01.004.
• Leeper, Eric M. & Zhou, Xuan, 2021, "Inflation’s role in optimal monetary-fiscal policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 124, issue C, pages 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.10.006.
• Mehrotra, Neil R. & Sergeyev, Dmitriy, 2021, "Debt sustainability in a low interest rate world," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 124, issue S, pages 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.09.001.
• Abbott, Andrew & Jones, Philip, 2021, "Government response to increased demand for public services: The cyclicality of government health expenditures in the OECD," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, volume 68, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101988.
• Mansour, Sarah & Wallace, Sally & Sadiraj, Vjollca & Hassan, Mazen, 2021, "How do electoral and voice accountability affect corruption? Experimental evidence from Egypt," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, volume 68, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101994.
• García, Israel & Hayo, Bernd, 2021, "Political budget cycles revisited: Testing the signalling process," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102030.
• Birinci, Serdar & Karahan, Fatih & Mercan, Yusuf & See, Kurt, 2021, "Labor market policies during an epidemic," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, volume 194, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104348.
• Fritsche, Jan Philipp & Klein, Mathias & Rieth, Malte, 2021, "Government spending multipliers in (un)certain times," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, volume 203, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104513.
• Clemens, Jeffrey & Veuger, Stan, 2021, "Politics and the distribution of federal funds: Evidence from federal legislation in response to COVID-19," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, volume 204, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104554.
• Konstantinou, Panagiotis Th. & Partheniou, Andromachi, 2021, "The Effects of Government Spending Over the Business Cycle: A Disaggregated Analysis for OECD and Non-OECD Countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 80, issue C, pages 809-822, DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2019.09.017.
• Azad, Nahiyan Faisal & Serletis, Apostolos & Xu, Libo, 2021, "Covid-19 and monetary–fiscal policy interactions in Canada," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 81, issue C, pages 376-384, DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2021.06.009.
• Bairoliya, Neha & Miller, Ray, 2021, "Social insurance, demographics, and rural-urban migration in China," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 91, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103615.
• Deleidi, Matteo & Mazzucato, Mariana, 2021, "Directed innovation policies and the supermultiplier: An empirical assessment of mission-oriented policies in the US economy," Research Policy, Elsevier, volume 50, issue 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104151.
• Guo, Shen & Jiang, Zheng, 2021, "The welfare implications of housing-related tax policies in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 135-153, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.11.006.
• Costa Junior, Celso J. & Garcia-Cintado, Alejandro C. & Junior, Karlo Marques, 2021, "Macroeconomic policies and the pandemic-driven recession," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 438-465, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.12.010.
• Wang, Ren & Hou, Jie, 2021, "Land finance, land attracting investment and housing price fluctuations in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 690-699, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.12.021.
• Skott, Peter, 2021, "Fiscal policy and structural transformation in developing economies," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 56, issue C, pages 129-140, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2020.10.006.
• Sardoni, Claudio, 2021, "The public debt and the Ricardian equivalence: Some critical remarks," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 58, issue C, pages 153-160, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2021.05.006.
• Nomaler, Önder & Spinola, Danilo & Verspagen, Bart, 2021, "R&D-based economic growth in a supermultiplier model," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 59, issue C, pages 1-19, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2021.07.002.
• K. Peren Arin & Kevin Devereux & Mieszko Mazur, 2021, "Taxes and firm investment," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-08, Jan.
• Hilde C. Bjørnland & Roberto Casarin & Marco Lorusso & Francesco Ravazzolo, 2021, "Oil and fiscal policy regimes," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-10, Jan.
• Alexander Chudik & Kamiar Mohaddes & Mehdi Raissi, 2021, "Covid-19 fiscal support and its effectiveness," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-28, Mar.
• Emmanuel Pinto Moreira & Baris Alpaslan, 2021, "DGE model for assessing macro-fiscal vulnerabilities in Algeria," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-30, Mar.
• Laurent Ferrara & Luca Metelli & Filippo Natoli & Daniele Siena, 2021, "Questioning the puzzle: fiscal policy, real exchange rate and inflation," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-38, Apr.
• Mario J. Crucini & Oscar O'Flaherty, 2021, "Stay-at-home orders in a fiscal union," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-39, Apr.
• Salwa Aljabri & Mala Raghavan & Joaquin Vespignan, 2021, "Oil prices and fiscal policy in an oil-exporter country: Empirical evidence from Oman," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-87, Oct.
• William Gamber & James Graham & Anirudh Yadav, 2021, "Stuck at home: Housing demand during the COVID- 19 pandemic," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-97, Dec.
• M. Ayhan Kose & Peter Nagle & Franziska Ohnsorge & Naotaka Sugawara, 2021, "What has been the impact of COVID-19 on debt? Turning a wave into a tsunami," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2021-99, Dec.
• Osmar Bolivar, 2021, "Boyanza Tributaria: Relación con la Sostenibilidad Fiscal y Estabilizadores Automáticos," Cuadernos de Investigación Económica Boliviana, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas de Bolivia, volume 4, issue 2, pages 53-96, Diciembre.
• Omar Velasco & Abraham Churata, 2021, "Espacios e Impulsos Fiscales en América del Sur: Una Estimación Mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Simultaneas para Datos de Panel," Cuadernos de Investigación Económica Boliviana, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas de Bolivia, volume 4, issue 2, pages 7-52, Diciembre.
• McKay, Alisdair & Reis, Ricardo, 2021, "Optimal automatic stabilizers," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 108180, Oct.
• Lichi, Alia & Shibata, Ippei & Tanyeri, Kadir, 2021, "Fiscal policy multipliers in small states," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 123063, Apr.
• Slawomir Franek & Marta Postula, 2021, "Medindo os instrumentos de governança fiscal: um índice sintético para os países da União Europeia," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, FGV EAESP, volume 41, issue 1, pages 117-136, February, DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572021-3107.
• Sandro Pereira Silva, 2021, "A economia política do Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador (FAT): uma análise de seu desempenho recente (2005-2018)," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, FGV EAESP, volume 41, issue 3, pages 588-610, July, DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572021-3040.
• Moritz Cruz & Josue Zavaleta, 2021, "Gastos do governo, câmbio e crescimento: evidências empíricas para a América Latina," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, FGV EAESP, volume 41, issue 4, pages 637-656, November, DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572021-3030.
• Mikel Erkoreka, 2021, "The fiscal and budgetary impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the public finances of the Basque Country: the Basque system of fiscal federalism put to the test," EKONOMIAZ. Revista vasca de Economía, Gobierno Vasco / Eusko Jaurlaritza / Basque Government, volume 100, issue 02, pages 120-149.
• Mikel Erkoreka, 2021, "El impacto fiscal y presupuestario de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en las finanzas públicas del País Vasco: el Concierto Económico a examen (traducción)," EKONOMIAZ. Revista vasca de Economía, Gobierno Vasco / Eusko Jaurlaritza / Basque Government, volume 100, issue 02, pages 120-149.
• Sebastiaan Wijsman & Christophe Crombez, 2021, "Do fiscal rules decrease public investment? Evidence from European panel data," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 18, issue 1, pages 55-76, April.
• Alicia Garcia Herrero, 2021, "Post-COVID-19 Asia will grow strongly in 2021 but structural problems continue to pile up," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 18, issue 2, pages 240–258-2, September.
• Halvor Mehlum & Ragnar Torvik, 2021, "The macroeconomics of COVID-19: a two-sector interpretation," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 9, issue 2, pages 165-174, April.
• Florencia Médici & Agustín Mario & Alejandro Fiorito, 2021, "Questioning the effect of the real exchange rate on growth: new evidence from Mexico," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, volume 9, issue 2, pages 253-269, April.
• López Pérez, Sugey de J. & Vence, Xavier, 2021, "Estructura y evolución de ingresos tributarios y beneficios fiscales en México. Análisis del periodo 1990-2019 y evaluación de la reforma fiscal de 2014," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, volume 88, issue 350, pages 373-417, abril-jun, DOI: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v88i35.
• Jose Perez-Montiel & Carles Manera, 2021, "Government public infrastructure investment and economic performance in Spain (1980–2016)," Applied Economic Analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 30, issue 90, pages 229-247, September, DOI: 10.1108/AEA-03-2021-0077.
• J.E. Boscá & R. Doménech & J. Ferri & J.R. García & C. Ulloa, 2021, "The stabilizing effects of economic policies in Spain in times of COVID-19," Applied Economic Analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 29, issue 85, pages 4-20, January, DOI: 10.1108/AEA-11-2020-0165.
• Stephen Esaku, 2021, "Has the low level of economic growth spurred informal sector activities in Uganda? An empirical analysis," African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 12, issue 4, pages 501-515, September, DOI: 10.1108/AJEMS-01-2021-0044.
• Opeoluwa Adeniyi Adeosun & Olumide Steven Ayodele & Olajide Clement Jongbo, 2021, "Policy asymmetries and fiscal sustainability: evidence from Nigeria," African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 12, issue 2, pages 302-320, April, DOI: 10.1108/AJEMS-08-2020-0389.
• Sima Rani Dey & Mohammad Tareque, 2021, "Twin deficits hypothesis in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation," International Journal of Emerging Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 17, issue 9, pages 2350-2379, March, DOI: 10.1108/IJOEM-06-2020-0628.
• Michał Mackiewicz, 2021, "The sustainability of fiscal policy in southern African countries–a comparative empirical perspective," International Journal of Emerging Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 18, issue 2, pages 337-350, April, DOI: 10.1108/IJOEM-06-2020-0696.
• Aishanee Sinha & Taniya Ghosh, 2021, "Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on FDI Inflows: Evidence from India," International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "Recent Developments in Asian Economics International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics", DOI: 10.1108/S1571-038620210000028009.
• Ansgar Belke & Pascal Goemans, 2021, "Uncertainty and nonlinear macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in the US: a SEIVAR-based analysis," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 49, issue 4, pages 623-646, May, DOI: 10.1108/JES-07-2020-0334.
• Rafael Acevedo & Jose U. Mora & Andrew T. Young, 2021, "The government spending multiplier in Latin American countries: does the institutional environment matter?," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 14, issue 4, pages 476-490, August, DOI: 10.1108/JFEP-02-2021-0030.
• Rexford Abaidoo & Elvis Kwame Agyapong, 2021, "Corporate performance volatility: a micro-level perspective," Journal of Money and Business, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 1, issue 1, pages 42-63, August, DOI: 10.1108/JMB-05-2021-0013.
• Ijaz Hussain Shah & Kinza Aish, 2021, "A nexus between corruption, money laundering (ML) and inflation: evidence from South Asian countries," Journal of Money Laundering Control, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 25, issue 4, pages 730-741, November, DOI: 10.1108/JMLC-09-2021-0096.
• Ola Al Sayed & Ashraf Samir & Heba Hesham Anwar, 2021, "Assessing fiscal sustainability in Egypt: a comparative study," Review of Economics and Political Science, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 6, issue 4, pages 292-310, August, DOI: 10.1108/REPS-02-2020-0020.
• Juan Carlos Rivas Valdivia, 2021, "Sostenibilidad de la deuda pública en México, antes y después del COVID-19, 2018-2024/Sustainability of public debt in Mexico, before and after COVID-19, 2018-2024," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, volume 36, issue 1, pages 57-87.
• Alexander Chudik & Kamiar Mohaddes & Mehdi Raissi, 2021, "COVID-19 Fiscal Support and Its Effectiveness," Working Papers, Economic Research Forum, number 1465, Mar, revised 20 Mar 2021.
• Intan Syahrini & Yusri Hazmi & Raja Masbar & Aliasuddin & Said Munzir, 2021, "Optimal Control Dynamic Relationships and Fiscal Policies in Indonesia’s Economy," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), volume 0, issue 1, pages 34-51.
• Dariusz Piotrowski, 2021, "Shaping the Public Perception of Economic Phenomena During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Priority of Goals or Values?," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue Special 1, pages 528-564.
• Artur Dmowski & Jakub Bis, 2021, "An Optimal Algorithm of Material Reserves Management based on Probabilistic Model," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue Special 1, pages 179-188.
• Rafal M. Szewczyk, 2021, "COVID-19 and its Impact on VAT Gap in the EU: Lessons from and for Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue Special 2, pages 655-666.
• Alena Miftakhova & Clément Renoir, 2021, "Economic Growth and Equity in Anticipation of Climate Policy," CER-ETH Economics working paper series, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich, number 21/355, May.

2020

• Simona Lorena Comi & Elena Cottini & Claudio Lucifora, 2020, "The effect of retirement on social relationships: new evidence from SHARE," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE), number def088, May.
• Andrea Boitani & Salvatore Perdichizzi & Chiara Punzo, 2020, "Nonlinearities and expenditure multipliers in the Eurozone," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE), number def089, Jun.
• Gálvez Iniesta, Ismael, 2020, "The size, socio-economic composition and fiscal implications of the irregular immigration in Spain," UC3M Working papers. Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía, number 30643, Jul.
• Sangyup Choi & Davide Furceri & João Tovar Jalles, 2020, "Heterogenous Gains from Countercyclical Fiscal Policy: New Evidence from International Industry-level Data," GRU Working Paper Series, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, Global Research Unit, number GRU_2020_015, Jul.
• Sangyup Choi & Davide Furceri & Chansik Yoon, 2020, "International Fiscal-financial Spillovers: The Effect of Fiscal Shocks on Cross-border Bank Lending," GRU Working Paper Series, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, Global Research Unit, number GRU_2020_025, Oct.
• Slawomir Franek & Marta Postula, 2020, "Does Eurozone Membership Strengthen the Significance of Fiscal Instruments?," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, volume 21, issue 1, pages 131-151, May.
• Rongsheng Tang & Gaowang Wang & Jin Wang, 2020, "Uniqueness and Determinacy of the Romer (1990) Model," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, volume 21, issue 1, pages 71-83, May.
• Fanghui Li & Gaowang Wang & Heng-fu Zou, 2020, "The spirit of capitalism and optimal capital taxation," CEMA Working Papers, China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics, number 614.
• Anderson, Kym, 2020, "Consumer Taxes on Alcohol: An International Comparison over Time," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, volume 15, issue 1, pages 42-70, February.
• Cardani, Roberta & Menna, Lorenzo & Tirelli, Patrizio, 2020, "The Optimal Policy Mix To Achieve Public Debt Consolidation," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, volume 24, issue 1, pages 113-129, January.
• Guerini, Mattia & Moneta, Alessio & Napoletano, Mauro & Roventini, Andrea, 2020, "The Janus-Faced Nature Of Debt: Results From A Data-Driven Cointegrated Svar Approach," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, volume 24, issue 1, pages 24-54, January.
• Canofari, Paolo & Piergallini, Alessandro & Piersanti, Giovanni, 2020, "The Fallacy Of Fiscal Discipline," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, volume 24, issue 1, pages 55-68, January.
• Drygalla, Andrej & Holtemöller, Oliver & Kiesel, Konstantin, 2020, "The Effects Of Fiscal Policy In An Estimated Dsge Model—The Case Of The German Stimulus Packages During The Great Recession," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, volume 24, issue 6, pages 1315-1345, September.
• Cole, Alexandre Lucas & Guerello, Chiara & Traficante, Guido, 2020, "One Emu Fiscal Policy For The Euro," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, volume 24, issue 6, pages 1437-1477, September.
• Darvas, Zsolt & Anderson, Julia, 2020, "New life for an old framework: redesigning the European Union's expenditure and golden fiscal rules," Corvinus Economics Working Papers (CEWP), Corvinus University of Budapest, number 2020/05, Oct.
• Roger DOUGLAS & Robert MacCULLOCH & Hugh McCAFFREY, 2020, "The March Towards Poverty: Why the Labour Government has much more to deal with than the economic consequences of Covid-19 in its upcoming budget," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, EconSciences Journals, volume 7, issue 4, pages 213-224, December.
• Manuel Jaén-Garcia, 2020, "A Review of Wagner’s Law with Disaggregated Data for Spain," Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik), Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin, volume 66, issue 1, pages 65-92, DOI: 10.3790/aeq.66.1.65.
• Величка Николова, 2020, "Влияние На Промените В Лихвените Проценти Върху Държавния Дълг На България За Периода 2003-2018 Г," Electronic magazine "Dialogue", D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 4 Year 20, pages 37-52.
• Velichka Nikolova, 2020, "Debt Sustainability of Eu Member States: A Cluster Analysis," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 1 Year 20, pages 44-56.
• Величка Николова, 2020, "Дългова Устойчивост В Страните От Европейския Съюз: Клъстерен Анализ," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 1 Year 20, pages 48-64.
• Dimcho Shopov, 2020, "Analysing and Forecasting the Debt Burden of the EU Countries: Is There a New European Debt Crisis on the Horizon?," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 2 Year 20, pages 58-78.
• Димчо Шопов, 2020, "Изследване И Прогнозиране На Дълговата Тежест На Страните От Европейския Съюз: Задава Ли Се Нова Дългова Криза В Европа?," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 2 Year 20, pages 65-88.
• Presiyana Nenkova & Angel Angelov, 2020, "Assessment of the Fiscal Stances of the Balkan States," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 4 Year 20, pages 14-34.
• Пресияна Ненкова & Ангел Ангелов, 2020, "Оценка На Фискалната Позиция На Страните От Балканския Регион," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 4 Year 20, pages 14-37.
• Oasis Kodila-Tedika & Simplice A. Asongu, 2020, "Tribalism and Finance," Journal of Africa SEER Centre(ASC), Africa SEER Centre(ASC), number 20/019, Jan.
• Simplice A. Asongu & Joseph Nnanna, 2020, "Governance and the Capital Flight Trap in Africa," Journal of Africa SEER Centre(ASC), Africa SEER Centre(ASC), number 20/022, Jan.
• Kerstin Bernoth & Marius Clemens & Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Stefan Gebauer, 2020, "Identifying Effective Combinations of Economic Policy Measures for the Coronavirus Recession in Europe," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 10, issue 23, pages 263-273.
• Alexander Kriwoluzky & Laura Pagenhardt & Malte Rieth, 2020, "Fiscal Rules Mitigate Economic Setbacks during Crises," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 10, issue 52/53, pages 495-503.
• Kerstin Bernoth & Marius Clemens & Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Stefan Gebauer, 2020, "Wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen gegen die Corona-Krise in Europa wirken vor allem im Zusammenspiel," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 87, issue 23, pages 387-397.
• Alexander Kriwoluzky & Laura Pagenhardt & Malte Rieth, 2020, "Fiskalregeln mildern wirtschaftliche Rückschläge in Krisenzeiten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 87, issue 52/53, pages 989-997.
• Marius Clemens & Maik Heinemann, 2020, "Distributional Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1874.
• Jan Philipp Fritsche & Mathias Klein & Malte Rieth, 2020, "Government Spending Multipliers in (Un)certain Times," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1901.
• Dennis Bonam & Paul Konietschke, 2020, "Tax multipliers across the business cycle," Working Papers, DNB, number 699, Dec.
• Dennis Bonam, 2020, "A convenient truth: The convenience yield, low interest rates and implications for fiscal policy," Working Papers, DNB, number 700, Dec.
• Osterloh, Steffen, 2020, "The implications of fiscal measures to address climate change," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 2.
• Haroutunian, Stephan & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Leiner-Killinger, Nadine, 2020, "The COVID-19 crisis and its implications for fiscal policies," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 4.
• Falagiarda, Matteo & Prapiestis, Algirdas & Rancoita, Elena, 2020, "Public loan guarantees and bank lending in the COVID-19 period," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 6.
• Giovannini, Alessandro & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Leiner-Killinger, Nadine & Valenta, Vilém, 2020, "The fiscal implications of the EU’s recovery package," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 6.
• Burriel, Pablo & Chronis, Panagiotis & Freier, Maximilian & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Reiss, Lukas & Stegarescu, Dan & Van Parys, Stefan, 2020, "A fiscal capacity for the euro area: lessons from existing fiscal-federal systems," Occasional Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 239, Apr.
• Alloza, Mario & Ferdinandusse, Marien & Jacquinot, Pascal & Schmidt, Katja, 2020, "Fiscal expenditure spillovers in the euro area: an empirical and model-based assessment," Occasional Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 240, Apr.
• Coenen, Günter & Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Smets, Frank, 2020, "Effects of state-dependent forward guidance, large-scale asset purchases and fiscal stimulus in a low-interest-rate environment," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2352, Jan.
• Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Kamps, Christophe, 2020, "Debt rule design in theory and practice: the SGP’s debt benchmark revisited," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2379, Mar.
• Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Papadopoulou, Niki & Müller, Georg, 2020, "Fiscal multipliers with financial fragmentation risk and interactions with monetary policy," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2418, Jun.
• Kaufmann, Christoph & Attinasi, Maria Grazia & Hauptmeier, Sebastian, 2020, "Macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment insurance scheme," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2428, Jun.
• Burriel, Pablo & Checherita-Westphal, Cristina & Jacquinot, Pascal & Stähler, Nikolai & Schön, Matthias, 2020, "Economic consequences of high public debt: evidence from three large scale DSGE models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2450, Jul.
• Morris, Richard & Reiss, Lukas, 2020, "A decomposition of structural revenue developments for euro area member states," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2455, Aug.
• Boehm, Christoph E. & Pandalai-Nayar, Nitya, 2020, "Convex supply curves," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2460, Aug.
• Checherita-Westphal, Cristina & Domingues Semeano, João, 2020, "Interest rate-growth differentials on government debt: an empirical investigation for the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2486, Nov.
• Rancoita, Elena & Grodzicki, Maciej & Kok, Christoffer & Metzler, Julian & Prapiestis, Algirdas & Hempell, Hannah S., 2020, "Financial stability considerations arising from the interaction of coronavirus-related policy measures," Financial Stability Review, European Central Bank, volume 2.
• Hussein Salameh & Ahmed Alodadi & Khaled Alzubi, 2020, "The Effect of Sovereign Debt on Economic Growth: The Case of Oil-Rich Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 2, pages 262-267.
• Abu Bakarr Tarawalie & Noah Kargbo, 2020, "Efficacy of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Sierra Leone: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 3, pages 217-224.
• Haytem Ahmed Troug & Matt Murray, 2020, "The Asymmetric Effects of Fluctuations in Oil Prices on the Performance of the Libyan Economy: A VAR Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 5, pages 282-296.
• Muhammad Shabbir & Imrab Shaheen & Fahrat Qayyum, 2020, "Domestic Investment in Pakistan: An Analysis Across Different Political Regimes," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 5, pages 344-351.
• Uchechukwu E. Okorie & Evans S. Osabuohien & Hassan E. Oaikhenan, 2020, "Electricity Consumption, Public Agricultural Expenditure and Output in Nigeria: A Time Series Dynamic Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 2, pages 113-123.
• Mikidadu Mohammed, 2020, "Green Tax Shocks and Economic Growth," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 2, pages 302-318.
• Saiful Badli & Raja Masbar & Nazamuddin Nazamuddin & Muhammad Nasir & T. Zulham & Jumadil Saputra & Syahril Syahril & Helmi Noviar, 2020, "Investigating the Efficiency of Government Expenditure on Energy Consumption (Fuel) Subsidy Policy in Indonesia: An Application of Stochastic Frontier Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 4, pages 161-165.
• Gabriel Oduyemi & Taiwo Owoeye, 2020, "Oil Price Fluctuation and Health Outcomes in an Oil Exporting Country: Evidence from Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 4, pages 212-220.
• Khalid Abdullah Alkhathlan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Wardah Abdulrahman Bindabel, 2020, "Determinants of Diversification from Oil Sector in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 5, pages 384-391.
• Hoa Dinh Thi & Kim Anh Vu Thi & Duyen Ly Phuong & Van Pham Thu & Chau Hoang Thi Minh, 2020, "Impact of Environmental Tax Collection on CO2 Emission in Vietnam," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 10, issue 6, pages 299-304.
• Vaca Medina, Gustavo & Vaca, Jesús & Mora Pérez, César Omar, 2020, "El impacto de la deuda pública en el crecimiento económico: un estudio empírico de México (1994-2016)," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• Vaca Medina, Gustavo & Vaca, Jesús & Mora Pérez, César Omar, 2020, "The impact of public debt on economic growth: an empirical study of Mexico (1994–2016)," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• López, Ramón & Sturla Zerene, Gino, 2020, "Hiperfortunas y superricos: ¿por qué tiene sentido un impuesto al patrimonio?," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Morales López, Rodrigo Alfonso & Moreno Brid, Juan Carlos, 2020, "Centroamérica frente a la pandemia: retos de la política macroeconómica," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• López, Ramón & Sturla Zerene, Gino, 2020, "Hyper-fortunes and the super-rich: why a wealth tax makes sense," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Morales López, Rodrigo Alfonso & Moreno Brid, Juan Carlos, 2020, "Central America and the pandemic: macroeconomic policy challenges," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Rathnayake, Anuruddhi Shanika K, 2020, "Sustainability of the fiscal imbalance and public debt under fiscal policy asymmetries in Sri Lanka," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 66, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2019.101161.
• Kia, Amir & Jafari, Mahboubeh, 2020, "Forward-looking agents and inflation in an oil-producing country: Evidence from Iran," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101217.
• Cardi, Olivier & Restout, Romain & Claeys, Peter, 2020, "Imperfect mobility of labor across sectors and fiscal transmission," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 111, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2019.103815.
• Laumer, Sebastian, 2020, "Government spending and heterogeneous consumption dynamics," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 114, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103868.
• Abo-Zaid, Salem & Kamara, Ahmed H., 2020, "Credit Constraints and the Government Spending Multiplier," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 116, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103901.
• Heer, Burkhard & Polito, Vito & Wickens, Michael R., 2020, "Population aging, social security and fiscal limits," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 116, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103913.
• Fotiou, Alexandra & Shen, Wenyi & Yang, Shu-Chun S., 2020, "The fiscal state-dependent effects of capital income tax cuts," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103860.
• Kopiec, Paweł, 2020, "Employment prospects and the propagation of fiscal stimulus," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 117, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103941.
• Abad, Nicolas & Lloyd-Braga, Teresa & Modesto, Leonor, 2020, "The failure of stabilization policy: Balanced-budget fiscal rules in the presence of incompressible public expenditures," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 120, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103996.